ucsp 1

• State


  An organized political community acting under a government and united by common set of laws
• State


  • May be sovereign
  • Other states are subject to external sovereignty where ultimate sovereignty lies another state
• The State intends to be a strong actor in the performance of the three important political functions

  • Maintains control over violence in its domain
  • Allocates resources and rewards at its discretion
  • Stands as the major focus of identity for the large majority of the people under its authority
• Elements of States


  • Population
  • Territory
  • Government
  • Sovereignty
• Forms of States


  • Authorization Government
  • Oligaric Government
  • Democratic Government
• Monarchy


  One individual who is the head of a state (often for life or until abdication)
• Totalitarianism


  Public and private lives are controlled or regulated — there is no personal freedom
• Theocracy


  Leaders govern by divine guidance or through religious beliefs
• Democracy


  The right to govern is held by majority of the citizens in a state. People become leaders through an electoral process
• Roles of the State

  • Provides security against external aggressions and war
  • Ensures security against internal disturbances disorders and crimes
  • Legally grants and guarantees the rights of the people
  • Issues and regulates currency and coinage
  • Undertakes steps for the creation of necessary conditions for the socio-economic-politico-cultural development of the people
  • Grants citizenship and protects their interests and rights
  • Conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and economic relations
  • Secures the goals of national interest in international relations
• Non-state institutions


  An organization not affiliated with the state or nation
• Non-state institutions


  • Banks
  • Corporations
  • Cooperatives
  • Trade unions
  • Transnational Advocacy Groups
  • Development Agencies
• Banks


  Financial institutions licensed to provide financial services to different types of customers
• Types of Banks


  • Commercial Banks
  • Investment Banks
• Commercial Banks


  Provide financial deposit with security and convenience which could be in the form of credit cards, debit cards, and check
• Investment Banks


  Financial intermediaries that performs a variety of services for businesses and some government
• Corporations


  A form of business operation that declares the business as a separate entity guided by a group of officers (more commonly known as Board of Members)
• Corporations are separate legal entities, operated by a Board of Directors, created by stakeholders for profit-making
• Common Types of Corporation

  • For-profit entities
  • Not-for-profit entities
• For-profit entities


  Forming the majority of corporations, aim to generate revenue and provide returns to shareholders based on their ownership percentage
• Not-for-profit entities


  Categorized as charitable organizations, are dedicated to specific social causes like education, religion, science, or research
• Multinational Corporations (MNCs)


  Business organization that extends ownership, management, production, and sales activities into several or more countries and contributing to economic growth and development
• Cooperatives


  Enterprises owned and run by members to meet common needs
• Types of Cooperatives

  • Worker
  • Consumer
  • Producer
  • Purchasing
• Reasons Cooperatives play a critical role in building community wealth

  • They provide quality goods/services in underserved areas and invest locally
  • Profits circulate within the community, building social networks
  • Purchasing cooperatives support local businesses against large retailers
  • Worker cooperatives offer empowering jobs for community members
• Trade unions


  Formed by workers to address common interests such as fair pay and working conditions
• Functions of Trade Unions

  • Advocating for fairness and equality for workers' compensations
  • Securing better working conditions for workers
  • Organizing strikes and demonstrations on behalf of worker demands
  • Fighting for social welfare for workers
  • Promoting and advocating for education and proper training for workers
  • Advocating and fighting the government for legislative protections of the workers
  • Promoting and advocating for organizational growth and stability
  • Acting as representatives of workers in national and international forums
  • Involved in collective bargaining agreements and disputes with management to settle any conditions on employment
  • Advising management on correct personnel policies and procedures
  • Involved in collective and personal collective grievances between management and workers
• Transnational Advocacy Groups (TAGs)

  Play an increasingly important role in international and regional politics and have contributed to changing policies of multilateral organizations and states
• TAGs employ effective measures and case-specific methods to achieve their goals
• TAGs


  Serve as international catalysts for change, aiming to achieve international changes towards policies and practices
• TAGs

  • Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International for human rights
  • Oxfam and Save the Children for humanitarian issues
  • Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth for environmental concerns
• Development Agencies


  Have been established to develop the cooperation between the public sector, private sector, and civil society
• Types of Development Agencies

  • International Organization
  • Non-government Organization
• International Organization


  An institution with membership drawn from two or more countries. Its activities transcend national boundaries as it facilitates cooperation among its members in the performance of one or more tasks. The international organization can be public or private
• Non-government Organization


  A non-profit group that functions independently of any government. It serves the social or political goals such as humanitarian and environmental causes