Body fluid of animals

• The planarians have flame cells which help them during their excretion of fluid out of the body
• Each body segment of an earthworm contains a pair of nephridia.
• Insects produce uric acid in their excretory system which is then released via the anus.
• The presence of green glands in some arthropods regulates the amount of urine excretion. 
• Cartilaginous fishes such as sharks use osmoregulation in order to achieve an isotonic state with the seawater.
• Marine bony fishes use osmoregulation in order to avoid dehydration.
• Freshwater fishes tend to gain water by osmosis. 
• The size of a whale’s kidney relative to the rest of its body.
• The cloaca is a common reservoir in insects, reptiles, and birds where the different products of the urinary system can be found.
• Gout commonly occurs around the joints because humans have the ability to retain uric acid.
• The urinary system is composed of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra which is mainly known to produce the urine. 
• The urinary system is composed of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra which is mainly known to produce the urine. 
• The kidney is the major excretory organ of the urinary system responsible for filtering wastes from the body fluids.
• The kidney is composed of millions of nephrons that produce urine.
• The process of urine formation has three distinct processes namely: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
• Osmoregulation is the balancing of the levels of water and salts in the body.
• • Most invertebrates have tubular excretory organs that regulate the water-salt balance of the body and excrete metabolic wastes into the environment. 
• • In most vertebrates, the kidneys are the most important organs involved in osmoregulation. 
• • Often the osmoregulatory system of an animal also removes metabolic wastes from the body, a process called excretion. 
• • The breakdown of nitrogen-containing molecules, such as amino acids and nucleic acids, results in excess nitrogen that must be excreted. Depending on the species, this excess nitrogen may be excreted in the form of ammonia, urea, or uric acid.
• The kidneys are the ultimate regulators of blood composition because they can remove various unwanted products from the body.
• • Urine production requires three distinct processes, and, as you can see, the entire tubule portion of a nephron participates in the last two steps in urine formation:
  • glomerular filtration at the glomerular capsule; 
  • tubular reabsorption at the convoluted tubules; and 
  • tubular secretion at the convoluted tubules.