CHEM

• What is the main concept behind the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

  All matter is made up of moving particles
• Which statement best describes the behavior of particles in higher temperatures according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

  They move faster
• How do particles behave in solids based on the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

  They hardly move and hold a regular pattern
• What characteristic defines liquids according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

  Particles have more energy and can flow
• How do particles behave in gases according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory

  They are sparse and move freely
• How does the Kinetic Molecular Theory describe the behavior of particles within matter?

  Moving randomly with kinetic energy
• Why do gases have the ability to expand and compress?

  Due to high energy
• What is the main factor that influences the energy of particles according to the theory?

  Temperature
• What particles hold kinetic energy and move around in random directions according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

  Atoms and molecules
• The Kinetic Molecular Theory states that in low temperature, particles have:

  Less energy
• Kinetic Molecular Model is used to explain the properties of liquids and solid molecules, as well as the forces of attraction that account for such properties.
• Solids can be classified as Amorphous and Crystalline
• Kinetic energy of a particle is the energy needed for the particles to keep moving, which is dependent upon temperature.
• Temperature and kinetic energy is directly proportional
• Solids are particles that are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position, and have a definite shape and definite volume.
• Crystalline solids are molecules that are arranged in a geometric pattern.
• Amorphous solids are molecules that do not have a set pattern of arrangement.
• Liquids are particles that are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
• Gases are particles that are very far apart and move freely, and have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
• Plasma is an ionized gas. It is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
• Phase change is a change from one state of matter to another. This are physical changes because they do not affect the chemical make up of a substance.
• Exothermic is heat being released as molecules slow down and move closer together.
• Endothermic is heat energy being absorbed as molecules speed up and expand
• Phase diagram illustrates the changes in the phase of a matter under varying temperature and pressure conditions.
• Intramolecular forces are forces within a molecule
• Intermolecular force are forces between different molecules
• Intermolecular forces of attraction pertains to the forces that hold individual particles such as atoms, molecules, or ions together
• Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself.
• Nonpolar molecules occur when the lectrons are evenly distributed
• Polar molecule occur when two atoms do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond. This happens when there is a difference between the electricity values of each atom.
• What does an exposed proton at the hydrogen end of the water molecule result in?

  Partial positive charge
• How are electrons shared in a polar covalent bond?

  Unequally
• What characteristic defines a polar molecule?

  Uneven distribution of charge
• In a nonpolar covalent bond, how do the electrons behave?

  They spend equal time with both atoms
• Johannes diderik van der Waals is a dutch physicists and thermodynamicist.
• Dipole-dipole interaction is an attraction between two polar molecules.
• Dipole is a polarized molecule having partially positive and negative poles.
• London dispersion force is the attraction between the instantaneous dipole and the induced dipole. This force exists between any type of molecules over the entire surface of the molecules.
• Instantaneous dipole exerts an influence on nearby particles. it causes distortion of electron clouds of neighboring molecules also become dipoles. they are called induced dipole.
• Hydrogen bonding is a weak interaction between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as fluorine, nitrogen, or oxygen.