SCI-SEMIS

• Charles' Law


  The volume–temperature relationship in gases was determined by and named after Jacques Charles
• Jacques Charles' experiment


  1. Trapped a sample of gas in a cylinder with a movable piston in water bath at different temperatures

  2. Found that different gases decreased their volume by factors 1/273 per 0C, and eventually will have zero volume
• Charles' Law


  At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin (K) temperature
• Derivation of Charles' Law equation

  V2 = (V1 * T2) / T1
• Application of Charles' Law


  • Seasonal expansion and contraction of tires
  • Hot air balloons
• As temperature increases


  The volume of a gas increases
• As the temperature increases, the volume of a gas increases
• As the temperature of the air increases, the volume of the air increases and vice versa
• Robert Boyle


  Anglo Irish natural philosopher, physicist, chemist, and inventor
• Robert Boyle


  • One of the first modern chemists
  • One of the founders and pioneers of modern chemistry and experimental scientific method
• Boyle's Law


  If the volume of a gas is decreased, the pressure increases proportionality with constant temperature
• Boyle's Law is important because it tells us about the behavior of gases
• Boyle's Law fully explains the behavior of pressure and volume of the gas which are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature
• Jacques Charles


  Determined the volume–temperature relationship in gases
• Jacques Charles' experiment


  1. Trapped a sample of gas in a cylinder with a movable piston in water bath at different temperature

  2. Found that different gases decreased their volume by factors 1/273 per 0C, and eventually will have zero volume
• Charles Law


  At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin (K) temperature
• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac


  French chemist who discovered the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its absolute temperature
• Gay-Lussac found that the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant or when the container does not change
• This is because the gas molecules which absorbs more heat energy from increasing temperature will have more kinetic energy, causing them to hit the walls of the container with more force resulting in greater pressure
• This is greatly observed in a pressure cooker
• Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the properties, compositions, and structure of elementsand compounds.
• Kelvin = 273K
• P1 is intial pressure
• P2 is final pressure
• V1 Intial volume
• V2 final volume
• If P1 is missing- P1=V2P2/V1
• If P2 is missing- P2= V1P1/V2
• IF V1 IS MISSING- V1= V2P2/P1
• IF V2 IS MISSING- V2=V1P1/P2
• A GAS OCCUPIES 12.3L AT A PRESSURE OF 40.0mmHg. What is the volume when the pressure is increased to 60.0mmHg?

  8.20L
• A GAS OCCUPIES 11.2L AT 0.860 AT,. WHAT IS THE PRESSURE IF THE VOLUME BECOMES 15.0L?

  0.64
• IF A GAS AT 25C OCCUPIES 3.60L AT A PRESSURE OF 1.0O ATM, WHAT WILL BE ITS VOLUME AT A PRESSURE OF 2.50ATM?

  1.44ATM
• To convert C to K, use this formula:

  K= C + 273