Section 4

• 4 main pillars of healthcare systems: local action, primary level of care, equitable system, and prevention, health promotion, and intervention
• Reports found that Health Canada was not providing enough support to First Nations individuals living in remote communities
• Adequate stagging of nursing stations is important for clinical interactions and client care services. Indigenous communities are not properly staffed with nurses. Only 1 in 45 nurses have completed all five of Health Canada's mandatory training courses
• Many nursing stations are no larger than homes, much like this one in Old Crow, Yukon
• Another issue with Indigenous communities is a lack of proper and reliable medical transportation into bigger city centers which have more healthcare resources
• In addition to medical transportations, it is rarely considered that a big problem is that medical professionals traveling to these rural areas also face challenges
• Report 4 highlighted a lack of effectiveness in the established committees towards developing solutions to the interjurisdictional
• Telehealth allow for long distance patient and clinical contact.
• NOSM is the Northern School of Medicine and is created through a partnership with Laurentian and Lakehead university
• The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) compiled a report highlighting calls to action to the government to close inequality gaps between Indigenous People
• Intersectoral action for health is aligning health policies across a number of government departments to promote health equity. Outcomes include education, health, trade, and industry
• There are three main aspects of market responsibility that can be optimized for health: social goods should be market by the public sector, legislation should promote gender equality, and promote political empowerment
• Empowerment of women and reducing gender inequities is essential to reducing health inequity. This can be attained by increasing investment in female sex and reproductive health, guaranteeing pay equity, investing in formal and vocational education for girls, etc.
• The two main methods for political empowerment include top down approach (state works to guarantee a set of rights for citizens), and bottom-up approach (self-organization of disadvantaged groups)
• Tanzania passed a law criminalizing Female Genital Mutilation (loss of female genitalia) in 1998.
• The NAFGM (bottom-up approach) runs rescue homes with educational services for girls escaping FGM, educating boys and girls about trauma related to FGM, and educating midwives and the cutters in the community
• Third and final recommendation of Closing the Gap is continuously measuring health problems with resources like GDB study