Draw structural formulas for organic oxygen compounds

• Carbon


  Has four valence electrons and needs four more to get to eight, so it likes to form four bonds
• Nitrogen

  Has five valence electrons, is in group 5A of the periodic table, and needs three more electrons to get to eight, so it typically likes to form three bonds
• Oxygen


  Has six valence electrons and needs two more to get to eight, so it likes to form two bonds
• Fluorine

  Has seven valence electrons and likes to form one bond
• Sulfur, Selenium

  Usually like to form two bonds
• Carbon


  • Typically forms four bonds
  • Has four valence electrons
• Nitrogen


  • Typically forms three bonds
  • Has one lone pair
• Oxygen


  • Typically forms two bonds
  • Has two lone pairs
• Fluorine


  • Typically forms one bond
  • Has three lone pairs
• Condensed structure


  Same as molecular formula, e.g. CH3CH3 is the condensed structure for C2H6 (ethane)
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CH3 (ethane)

  Two carbon atoms connected, each with three hydrogen atoms
• Alkenes


  Unsaturated compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond, general formula CnH2n
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH2CH2 (ethene)

  Two carbon atoms with a double bond, each with two hydrogen atoms
• Alkynes


  Unsaturated compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond, general formula CnH2n-2
• Drawing Lewis structure for HCCH (ethyne)

  Two carbon atoms with a triple bond, each with one hydrogen atom
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CH2CH3 (propane)

  Three carbon atoms in a chain, with three hydrogen atoms on the first and third carbons, and two hydrogen atoms on the middle carbon
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CHCH3CH2CH3

  Five carbon atoms in a chain, with three methyl (CH3) groups attached
• Ether


  Compound with an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl groups, general formula R-O-R
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3OCH3 (dimethyl ether)


  Oxygen atom with two methyl (CH3) groups attached
• Ketone


  Compound with a carbonyl (C=O) group, general formula R-C(=O)-R
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3COCH3 (propanone)


  Three carbon atoms, with a carbonyl group in the middle and a methyl (CH3) group on each side
• Alcohol


  Compound with a hydroxyl (OH) group, general formula R-OH
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3OH (methanol)


  One carbon atom with a hydroxyl group and three hydrogen atoms
• Aldehyde


  Compound with a carbonyl (C=O) group at the end of the carbon chain, general formula R-C(=O)-H
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CHO (ethanal)

  Two carbon atoms, with a carbonyl group on the second carbon and a hydrogen atom on the first carbon
• Carboxylic acid


  Compound with a carbonyl (C=O) group and a hydroxyl (OH) group, general formula R-C(=O)-OH
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

  Two carbon atoms, with a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group on the second carbon, and a methyl (CH3) group on the first carbon
• Ester


  Compound with a carbonyl (C=O) group and an alkoxy (R-O-) group, general formula R-C(=O)-O-R
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3COOCH3 (methyl ethanoate)


  Three carbon atoms, with a carbonyl group and a methoxy (CH3-O-) group on the middle carbon, and a methyl (CH3) group on the first carbon
• Amine

  Compound with a nitrogen atom connected to one or more alkyl groups, general formula R-NH2
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CH2NH2 (ethylamine)

  Two carbon atoms, with the first carbon having three hydrogen atoms and the second carbon having two hydrogen atoms and a nitrogen atom with two hydrogen atoms
• Amide

  Compound with a carbonyl (C=O) group and an amino (NH2) group, general formula R-C(=O)-NH2
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CONH2 (ethanamide)

  Two carbon atoms, with the first carbon having a methyl (CH3) group and the second carbon having a carbonyl group and an amino (NH2) group
• Nitrile

  Compound with a carbon-nitrogen triple bond, general formula R-C≡N
• Drawing Lewis structure for CH3CN (acetonitrile)


  Two carbon atoms, with the first carbon having three hydrogen atoms and the second carbon having a triple bond to a nitrogen atom
• Ethoamine


  Second carbon is a CH2 with two hydrogens, nitrogen has two hydrogens and a lone pair
• Amide functional group


  Carbon group with an amino group (NH2) next to it
• Nitro functional group


  Triple bond between carbon and nitrogen atom
• Alkyl halide


  Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) atom attached to a carbon
• Drawing line structure for 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane

  1. Draw parent hexane chain

  2. Add ethyl group on carbon 3

  3. Add methyl groups on carbons 2 and 4