Nursing foundations 1

• Apprenticeship


  Learning by doing
• Nursing Process


  Assessment, Nursing Diagosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
• Nursing Art vs. Science

  Initially, nursing was an art- it consisted of certain acts of care skillfully, with intuition and creativity. Over time, a scientific base was combined with the art of nursing. From this body of knowledge, the nurse can choose interventions that are most likely to produce desired outcomes for the patient
• Founded the American Red Cross

  Clara Burton
• Invasive Procedure


  Procedures that require entry into the body
• Goals of Nursing


  To promote wellness, to prevent illness, to facilitate coping, to restore health
• Aseptically


  Without introducing infectious material
• Evidence Based Practice (Nursing)


  Nursing practice based on validated research
• Nurse Practice Act


  Designed to protect the public, and they define the legal scope of practice.
• Nursing Process


  Organized, deliberate, systematic way to deliver nursing care. Provides a way to implement caregiving, and it combines the art and science of nursing
• Implementation


  To put into action
• NAPNES (National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service


  Was formed to standardize practical nurse education and to establish licensure criteria for graduates
• Practical Nurses


  Provide direct patient care under the supervision of a registered nurse, physician, or dentist
• Practice Settings for LPN

  a.Hospitals- Restorative care is provided to ill or injured patients

  b.Extended Care Facilities-Facilities for intermediate or long-term care where personal care and skilled care is provided for those requiring rehabilitation or custodial care

  c.Physician's Office- Ambulatory patients receive preventative care or treatment of an illness or injury

  d.Ambulatory Clinics- Ambulatory patients come for preventative care or treatment of an illness or injury; often treatment by specialty groups is available on site

  e.Renal Dialysis Clinics- Patients with kidney failure receive renal dialysis treatments

  f.Hospices- Supportive treatment is provided for patients who are terminally ill

  g.Home Health Agencies- In-home care is provided to patients by nurses who visit the home
• Diagnosis Related Groups


  created by medicare in 1983 as an attempt to contain healthcare costs. system means that a hospital recieves a set amount of money for a patient who is hospitalized with a certain diagnosis
• Integrated Delivery Network


  set of providers and services organized to deliver coordinated care to promote wellness, care for illness, and promote rehabilitation
• Capitated Cost


  they are paid a set fee for every patient enrolled in the network each year
• Health Maintenance Organizations


  a type of group practice, enroll patients for a set fee per month. They provide a limited network of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers from which to choose. One goal is to keep patients healthy and out of the hospital
• Preferred Provider Organizations PPO's


  Offer a discount on fees in return for a large pool of potential patients. Allows insurance companies to keep their premium rates lower and in turn makes insurance coverage of employees less expensive for employers
• Interventions


  Actions taken to improve, maintain or restore health or prevent illness.
• Privilege


  premission to do something that is usually not permitted in other circumstances
• Ethical Codes


  Actions and veliefes approved by a particular group of people
• Ethical Principles


  Rules of right and wrong from an ethical point of view
• Ethics Committee


  A committee formed to consider ethical problems
• Laws


  Rules of conduct that are established by our government
• Judicial Law


  Results when a law or court decision is challenged in the courts and the judge affirms or reverses the decision
• Administrative Law


  Comes from agencies created by the legislature
• Statutes


  Laws that may be either civil or criminal.
• Tort


  Violation of Civil Law
• Crime


  A wrong against society, and imprisonment and/or fines may result if one is convicted.
• Nurse Practice Act


  A law that defines the scope of nursing practice, and provides for the regulation of the profession by a state board of nursing. Regulates the degree of dependence or independence of a licensed nurse with regard to other nurses, physicians, and health care providers
• Scope of Practice


  the definition of nursing for LPN's and may include definitions for advanced practice . T
• Reciprocity


  Recognition of one state's nursing license by another state.
• Student Nurses


  Held to the same standards as a licensed nurse. Legally responsible for her own actions or inaction, and may schools reqire carrying malpractice insurance. Need to know the nurse practice act and it's definition of nursing in the state in which they are practicing and not exceed the scope of practice for their state. it is not legal to do something beyond the scope of practice for their state. It is not legal to do something beyond the scope of nursing practice just because someone told them they were to do so
• Accountability


  Taking responsibility for ones actions. Means asking for assistance when unsure, performing nursing tasks in the sage and prescribed manner, reporting and documenting assessments and interventions, and evaluating the care given and the patients response to that care. means all of the above plus a commitment to continuing education to stay current and knowledgeable.
• Delegation


  The assignment of duties to another licensed person
• Assignment


  The assignment of duties which can be done by an unlicensed person, such as a nursing assistant
• Standards of Care


  Legally, the LPN is responsible for their own actions under the nurse practice act and according to the standards of care that are approved by the profession
• Negligence


  Not reporting another professional's misconduct
• Continuing Education


  It is necessary for nurses to continue their education about changes in health care practice, pharmacology, and technology in order to practice safely. Nurses may stay current by attending programs provided by their employer, through participation in their professional organization, by attending workshops, seminars, or presentations on health care topics, by readin professional nursing journals, by formal continuing education in colleges, or by corresponding courses