History of Western Art Final

• Sarcophagus


  A stone coffin
• Tumulus


  Burial mound
• Necropolis


  A cemetery
• Portrait Bust


  Represented the head, neck, and upper body of an individual
• Arch


  • A curved structure made of stone or brick that supports the weight above it by transferring the load outward to its supports
• Vault


  • A self-supporting arched form, constructed of stone or brick, that covers a space to form a ceiling or roof. Vaults are created by constructing rings of voussoirs (wedge-shaped stones)
• Buttress


  • Exterior masonry support that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or vault
• Dome


  • A hemispherical structural element
• Oculus


  • A circular opening located at the top of a dome
• Coffers


  • Sunken panels or decorative indentations typically found on ceilings, domes, or vaults
• Equestrian Portrait


  A portrait that shows a person on horseback
• Stylization


  Represented according to preconceived conventions or styles
• Basilica


  • A large building used in ancient Rome as a place of assembly and for courts of law. In Christian architecture, a basilica is a church
• Typology / Prefiguration


  Old testament stories are related symbolically to New Testament ones; they foreshadow events that will come to be
• Cruciform


  Cross shaped
• Byzantium


  The ancient Greek city which later became Constantinople and then Istanbul. It was the capital of the Byzantine Empire
• Pendentive


  • A constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room
• Mosaic


  Made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement to make a large picture
• Tesserae


  Mosaic technique that means "cube", refers to when pieces are cut to a desired size and shape
• Illuminated Manuscript


  Handmade books with pages made of calfskin or lambskin with writing and illustrations done with ink or paint
• Iconoclasm


  Destroying images leading to a war
• Naturalism


  True to natural appearances
• Humanism


  An approach to life based on reason and our humanity, recognizing that moral values are founded on human nature and experience
• Verism


  Hyperrealism
• Icon painting


  Religious image
• Rounded Arch

  
• 2. Voussior 3. Keystone 4. Centering

  
• Buttress - exterior masonry support that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or vault

  Vault - a self-supporting arched form, constructed of stone or brick, that covers a space to form a ceiling or roof. Vaults are created by constructing rings of voussoirs (wedge-shaped stones). 

  
• Vault

  
• Roman concrete construction. a) barrel vault, b) groin vault, c) fenestrated sequence of groin vaults (john burge)

  
• a)Center - Oculus, b) Middle - Dome, c) Bottom - Drum

  
• First style: Masonry Style

  • Imitates marble panels

  
• Second Style: Illusionism / Architectural Style

  • Presents illusionistic  three dimensional views

  
• Third style: Ornate Style

  • Walls are elegantly decorated

  
• Fourth Style: Composite Style

  • Mixes features of all the other styles together

  
• Apulu (Apollo), unknown artist, Etruscan

  
• Sarcophagus with reclining couple, unknown artist, Etruscan

  
• Interior of the Tomb of the Reliefs, unknown artist, Etruscan

  
• Head of an Old Man, unknown artist, Roman Republic

  
• Dionysiac Mystery Frieze, unknown artist, Pompeii