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History of Western Art Final
History of Western Art continued
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Cards (22)
Aeneas
Great Trojan
hero, son of
Venus
, escapes the destruction of
Troy
with his
mortal
father and styles in
Italy
Romulus
and
Remus
Twin descendants of
Aeneas
, and the sons of
Mars
, the god of
war
, are left for
dead
and raised by a
she-wolf
Romulus
founds the city of
Rome
1.
Kills
his
brother
2.
Founds
the city of
Rome
Romulus
Ensures
population growth
by stealing
women
from the neighboring city
Portrait busts from the Roman Republic period
Represented the
head
,
neck
, and upper body of an individual
Pompeii fresco paintings
Technique for making a
mural
painting:
Layers of
mortar
and
plaster
applied to the surface of the
walls
With the
final
layer still
damp
, artists would outline their
composition
and begin to
paint
The paint and plaster of the wall would
dry
together - very
stable
technique!
Only
small
segments could be
complete
at any given
time
Seams between these segments were skillfully
disguised
by the design of the painting
When finished, the surface of the painting would be polished with
marble
dust to make it
smooth
A
final
gleam was obtained by applying a
wax
varnish
Augustus' reign and the
Pax
Augustus
Rome
transitions from a
Republic
to an
Empire
(rule by one emperor)
Augustus occupies
key
positions in
all
areas
Emperors begin to use
art
to control popular
opinion
of their rule
Distribute images of
themselves
to get their image out among the
masses
Engage in public works to better
Rome
and give back to the
people
(roads, baths, stadiums)
Nero's
disastrous
reign
Emperors
who don't
placate
the people find themselves in
trouble
Concrete
The
Romans
were the first to invent concrete
Recipe includes lime
mortar
, volcanic sand, water, and small stones
Since concrete isn't aesthetically pleasing, it is often faced with
brick
,
marble
, or stucco
Advantages of using concrete
Strong
,
durable
,
long
lasting
Less need for
interior
support (
columns
)
Can be
shaped
with more
possibility
Can build
higher
than was previously possible
Can be
fenestrated
(made with
openings
) without undermining
stability
The
Colosseum
Made of
concrete
Arches
and
vaults
were used for
support
The Arch of
Constantine
The
arch
was made of
concrete
which was covered by a layer of
marble
The
instability
of the
Roman Late Empire
Period
Emperors
terms were ending through
assassinations
making it full of
instability
The religious reform of
Constantine
Constantine
was the first
emperor
to accept
Christianity
as his
religion
Byzantium / Constantinople
Before
Constantine
, the city was
Greek
and called
byzantine
, later renamed
constantinople
Byzantine
refers to the
eastern
part of
rome
Hagia Sophia
Made of
concrete
,
brick
and
mortar
Used
pendentives
to support the
dome
The
Byzantine
Style of Art
The
naturalistic
,
classical
style from
greece
The
non-naturalistic
, stylized style of the
Late Roman
Empire and
Jewish
&
Early Christian
art
Subjects were depicted in
angular
forms and had
elongated
faces
Early Christian Worship Practices
Early
Christians were forced to worship in
underground catacombs
or
secretly
converted houses to avoid
persecution
from
Romans
The
earliest
representations of
Jesus
Christ vs.
modern
depictions
Early
representations look
roman
The
adaptations
that took place between
Early
Christian art and
Greco-Roman
traditions
Iconography
Architectural
Influence
Classicism
The revival of the styles, forms, and techniques of Ancient Greece and Rome.
Humanism
Movement that focused on the worth of individuals.