Layers of the atmosphere

• The atmosphere is a blanket or envelope of gases surrounding the earth.
• Our atmosphere is consisting of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and the remaining 1% are trace gases (gases present in small amounts), which includes carbon dioxide, inert gases, water vapor, methane, and ozone.
• TROPOSPHERE

  • The troposphere starts at the Earth’s surface and extends 8 km to 14.5 km high. Because of gravity’s pull,
  • about 75 % of the gases in the atmosphere can be found in this layer.
  • As altitude increases, the temperature in the troposphere decreases.
  • The ground warms the bottom layers of the atmosphere by radiation and by convection.
  • Almost all weather changes and patterns happen in this layer.
• STRATOSPHERE

  • The layer of air that starts just above the troposphere and extends to about 50 km.
  • In this layer, temperature increases as the altitude increases.
  • The location where aircrafts fly because it is very stable in comparison to the troposphere.
• MESOSPHERE

  • The layer between 50 km and 80 km above the Earth’s surface
  • In this layer, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
  • It has no gases which can absorb UV rays from the sun.
  • Coldest Layer of the Atmosphere
  • The layer where most meteors burn
• THERMOSPHERE

  • The thermosphere is between 80 km and 110 km above the Earth.
  • As you go up the thermosphere, temperature increases.
  • The temperature of this gas layer can go beyond 1000 ℃.
  • The high temperatures are caused by the strong solar radiation being absorbed by the few oxygen molecules present there
• IONOSPHERE

  • Ionosphere bounces off radio waves from different parts of the world.
  • Where the phenomena called northern/ southern lights (auroras) happen.
  • Made of gas particles charged by the solar energy
• EXOSPHERE

  • It is more than 700 km, maybe up to 10 000 km from the surface of Earth with no clear boundary.
  • Due to its nature, the air here is very thin.
  • Satellites are stationed in this area, 500 km to 1000 km from Earth.
  • Have temperatures that range from 500 to several thousand degrees Celsius
• GREENHOUSE EFFECT The process through which heat is trapped near Earth's surface by substances known as 'greenhouse gases.’ Greenhouse gases include: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Ozone (O3), Water Vapor (H2O), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O).