Body in Motion

• The function of the skeletal system - Provides the shape and form for our bodies - Provides support - Protection of vital organs - Produces blood cells - Stores minerals
• Long Bones


  They are obviously long, but they are also strong, hollow and light
• Long Bones


  • To support your weight and to help you move
• Long Bones


  • The bones in your arms and legs- radius, ulna, humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, clavicle
• Short Bones


  They are strong, and more compact
• Short Bones


  • Are used for many smaller movements. The short bones in our feet support our weight and the ones in our hands assist us to lift weights
• Short Bones


  • The bones in your hands and feet- metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges and patella
• Flat Bones


  They are thin, flattened and often curved bones
• Flat Bones


  • They are used to protect and support the body's function
• Flat Bones


  • The scapula, the ribs, and most of the bones in your cranium
• Irregular Bones


  They are bones that do not fit into any other category
• Irregular Bones


  • They all have very different jobs but provide minimal movement and often protect vital organs
• Irregular Bones


  • The bones that make up your vertebrae and there are also 3 irregular bones in your
• Fibrous- Occurs when bone ends are joined by strong, short bands of fibrous tissue. Eg. joints of the skull Movement possible: immovable (skull cant moved)
• Cartilaginous-The bone ends are separated by a disc or plate made up of tough, fibrous cartilage. Examples: - Vertebrates - Wrist - Ankles - Elbow Movement possible includes: Slightly moving
• Synorial-The most common classification of a joint and enclosed in a capsule and synovial membrane. Examples; - Knee - Shoulder - Hip joint Movement possible includes: - Freely moveable - Allows maxim movements
• Synovial joints


  • Particularly important for movement
  • Allow for large movements
  • Provide stability
• Joint capsule


  Provides stability to the joint
• Ligaments


  • Well-defined, fibrous that connect the articulating bones
  • Designed to assist the joint capsule to maintain stability in the joint by restraining excessive movements
• Tendons


  Tough, inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone
• Synovial fluid


  Acts as lubricant, keeping the joint well-oiled and the moving surface apart
• When the tissues are damaged

  The stability of the joint and our body (depending on joint location) is in jeopardy
• Types of synovial joints

  • Ball-and-socket joint is by far the least stable and is the easiest to dislocate
  • Plane joints are very stable
• Ball and Socket Joint: Ball and socket joints are the most moveable, allowing a wide range of motion. These are the shoulder and hip joints. The bones in these joints fit together with a round bone sitting inside another bone that has a hollow/ cup like shape.
• Hinge Joint: Only move forward and backwards making it possible for limbs to flex and extend along only one axis. Elbow, knee and ankle are your typical hinge joints. The bones fit together perfectly into one another. Think of the hinge in a door!
• Condyloid Joints: allow for all movement except rotation. This provides movement such as bending and flexing like a hinge joint, as well as a limited amount of rotation. These joints are found in the wrist and the base of the index finger.
• Saddle joints: Only found in the thumb. Similar to condyloid joints, but the connecting bones are shaped more like interlocking saddles (like the saddle on a horse). This allows for a greater range of motion than hinge joints but does not allow complete rotation like ball and socket joints provide, e.g. right, left, forward and back.
• Gliding/Plane Joints: Gliding or plane joints are points where bones meet as flat surfaces and can freely glide past each other in any direction. Gliding joints are found in wrists, ankles and the spine.
• Pivot Joint: Only allows rotation. A pivot joint provides for rotation around only one axis. One bone rotates around another. This ring is lined with a ligament to make the movement smooth. A pivot joint is what allows the neck to rotate to the left and right.
• Flexion When the angle of the joint is decreased
• Extension When the angle of the joint is increase
• Inversion-Rotation of the foot to make the sole of the foot face inwards
• Eversion-Rotation of the foot to make the sole of the foot face outwards
• Abduction-Movement of limb away from the midline of the body
• Adduction-Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
• Rotation-The turning of a joint around its hotizontial axis
• Circumduction-The circular movement of a body part that makes a cone-shaped airspace
• Pronation-Turning of the hand so that the palm faces downwards
• Supination-Turning of the hand so that the plane faces upwards
• Dorisflextion-Movement of the ankles so that the toes point upwards towards the knee