week 10

• Emergency nutrition relief

  Providing food in nutritional global crises
• Desertification

  Turning fertile land into a desert
• Hidden hunger

  Subclinical nutrient deficiencies such as iron, folic acid and vitamin A but does not have overt clinical signs of undernutrition
• Food insecurity

  People do not have adequate physical, social, or economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
• Contributing factors

  • Political (war and conflict)
  • Environment (droughts and fragile land along with natural disasters)
  • Economic (poverty)
  • Family (feeding and care practices)
• • *What are the following: low birth weight, underweight, stunting and wasting and what types of undernutrition (acute, chronic) are associated with the latter?

  Low birth weight: birth weight being less than 2500 grams or 5 lbs, 8 oz

  Underweight: low weight for their age → z-score -2 below reference

  Stunting (chronic): height for age z-score -2 below reference

  Wasting (acute): weight for age z score -2 below reference
• • *What percentages of children are underweight, stunted, or died of causes related to poor nutrition?
  • 14% of children <5 years old are underweight
  • 22% are stunted (chronic undernutrition)
  • 45% of deaths of young children related to poor nutrition
  • Poor nutrition deals with child wasting, child underweight, vitamin A deficiency, child stunting, non-exclusive breastfeeding
• • *What 3 ways to prevent early nutritional risk?
  • Breastfeeding 
  • Appropriate complementary foods
  • Feeding foods rich in micronutrients (Vit A)
• Vitamin A

  Affects the immune system (innate: compromise in skin and mucosa barrier, reduction in numbers and killing activity of white blood cells) (adaptive: reduction in growth and differentiation of B cells that depend on Vit A metabolites so less antibody production, reduction of T cells)
• Vitamin D

  Causes skeletal disorders (rickets), emerging functions in many diseases
• Iodine

  Causes mental impairment (children and infants), hypothyroidism and goiters, stillbirth, birth disorder and defect
• Iron

  Causes anemia
• *What is a common measure weight status in adults and how are overweight and obesity defined? In what area of the world are there differing recommended definitions of obesity?

  BMI: body mass index; measures weight in kg divided by height in meters square (kg/m2)

  Overweight = BMI more than or equal to 25.0 

  Obese = BMI more than or equal to 30.0 

  Asian countries
• • *What was a key nutritional deficiency in China? What was the intervention? (Consider the material in Chapter 9, 243-244). 

  The key nutritional deficiency in China was iodine deficiency. The intervention was the launch of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Elimination Program which helped the population be aware of the risk of iodine deficiency. Packaging was designed to help consumers easily recognize iodized salt along with the ban on non-iodized salt.