GE6 modern and contemporary art

• Prehistoric art


  All art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods off record-keeping, or makes significant contact with other culture that has make some record of major historical events
• Earliest artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose existed 40,000 years ago
• Ancient art


  Refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with some form of writing, such as those of ancient China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Palestine, Egypt, Greece and Rome
• Medieval art


  The medieval period of art history spans from the fall of the Roman Empire in 300 AD to the beginning of Renaissance in 1400 AD. In the Middle Ages, art evolves as humans continue addressing the traditional and the new, including Biblical subjects, Christian dogma, and classical mythology
• Renaissance art


  Painting, sculpture, architecture, music and literature produced during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning and a more individualistic view of man
• Scholars no longer believe that the Renaissance marked an abrupt break with medieval values as is suggested by the French word renaissance, literally "rebirth"
• Mannerism


  The term mannerism comes from the Italian word "maniera" referring to personal style, the term was derived from mano, meaning hand, because style was considered inseparable from personal touch, or hand of the artist
• It was almost a hundred years after its introduction that the term maniera was first applied to describe this period the style of art, and at the time it was not meant as a compliment
• Mannerism was known as Late Renaissance
• Known Mannerist artists


  • Da Vinci, Michaelangelo, and Raphael
• Baroque and Rococo


  Loosely defined terms, generally applied by common consent to European art of the period from the early 17th century to the mid 18th century
• Baroque


  First undisguised term of abuse, probably derived from the Italian word, barocco, which was a term used by philosophers during the middle ages to describe an obstacle in schematic logic. Subsequently, this became a description for any contorted idea or involuted process of thought
• Rococo


  The derivation of the word Rococo is equally uncertain, though its source is most probably to be found in the French word rocaille used to describe shell and pebble in the 16th century
• Famous Baroque Artworks


  • Las Meninas - Diego Velasquez
  • Gian Lorenzo Bernini
• Famous Baroque Artists


  • Caravaggio (1571 – 1610)
  • Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – 1640)
  • Nicolas Poussin (1594 – 1665)
  • Gian Lorenzo
  • Francisco de Zurbarán
  • Diego Velázquez
  • Rembrandt van Rijn
  • Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
  • Johannes Vermeer
  • Elisabetta Sirani
• Rococo


  An ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gliding white and pastel colors, sculpted moulding and frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion and drama. It was known as style rocaille (Hopkins, 2014)
• Famous Rococo Artworks


  • The Swing by Jean Honore Fragonard
• Neoclassicism


  A Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity
• Neoclassicism was born in Rome. The main neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Enlightenment and continued to the early 19th, 20th and up to 21st century
• Neoclassical art focused more on what was real, rather than idea's like religion that art had revolved around for decades before
• Famous Neoclassical Artworks


  • Jacques Louis David – Oath of the Horatii
• Romanticism


  An attitude or intellectual orientation that characterize many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid- 19th century. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance idealization and the rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th century Neoclassicism in particular
• Romanticism was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th century rationalism and physical materialism in general
• Romanticism


  Emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental
• Famous Artworks of Romanticism Art Movement

  • Liberty Leading the People by Eugene Delacroix
  • The Nightmare – Henri Fuseli
  • Second of May – Francisco Goya
• Realism


  Sometimes called naturalism, in the arts is generally the attempt to present the subject truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural elements
• Realism has been prevalent in the arts at many periods and can be in large part a matter of technique and training and the avoidance of stylization
• Realism


  In the visual arts, illusionistic realism is the accurate depiction of life forms, perspective and the details of light and colour. But realist or naturalist works of art may, as well or instead of illusionist realism be "realist"in their subject matter, and emphasize the mundane, ugly or sordid
• Realism began in France in the 1850s after the 1848 Revolution
• Famous Artworks of Realism Art Movement

  • Potato Eaters by Vincent Van Gogh
  • Stone Breakers – Gustave Courbet
  • The Cleaners – Jean Francois Millet
• Famous artists in the Realism Art movement

  • Gustave Courbet
  • Jean Francois Milet
  • Edouard Manet
  • Ilya Repin
  • Edward Hopper
  • Andrew Wyeth
  • Thomas Eakins
• Impressionism


  A 19th century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on the accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities often accentuating the effects of the passage of time, ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles
• Famous Impressionist Artwork


  • The Woman with The Parasol by Claude Monet
• Post Impressionism


  A predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionist concern for naturalistic depiction of light and color
• Famous Post Impressionist Artwork

  • Starry starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh
• Neo Impressionism


  The term Neo –Impressionism refers to a pictorial technique where color pigments are no longer mixed either on the palette or directly on canvas, but instead placed as a small dots side by side. Mixing of colors take place from a suitable distance, in the observer's eye as an optical mixture
• Georges Seurat founded the Neo Impressionism
• Famous Neo Impressionist Artwork

  • Sunday on Grand Jatte by Georges Seurat
• Symbolism


  Symbolism was a late 19th century movement whose artists communicated ideas through symbols instead of bluntly depicting reality. It was created as a reaction to art movements that depicted the natural world realistically such as Impressionism, Realism and Naturalism
• Symbolism was an art movement of French, Russian and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts