WOUND CARE

• Abrasion - Scrape
• Puncture - Penetration by sharp objects such as nails
• Incision - Clean cut made by scalpel an knife
• Contusion - blow from blunt instruments 
• Laceration - tissues turn apart such as childbirth
• Penetrating wound - bullet
• Pressure ulcers - due to localized ischemia
• Ischemia - decrease oxygen supply to the tissue
• Stage 1 - Discoloration

  Stage 2 - Necrosis
• Inflammatory, proliferative, and Maturation or Remodeling - Phases of Healing
• Inflammatory phase begins immediately after injury and lasts 3-6 days
• Hemostasis - cessation of bleeding results from vessel constriction of the larger blood vessels in the affected area, formation of blood clots in the area
• Phagocytosis - during cell migration leukocytes move into the interstitial space these are placed about 24 hours after injury by macrophages this macrophages engulf microorganisms and cellular debris
• Exudate - fluid and cells that has escape from the blood vessels during the inflammatory process and deposited on the tissue
• Serous - consist of serum watery and has few cells
• Purulent - thicker exudate with pus
• Sanguineous - large amounts of red blood cell in the exudate
• Proliferative Phase extends from day three or four to about 21 days post injury
• Proliferative phase - fibroblast stop the bleeding which migrates into the wound starting about 24 hours after injury begin to synthesize collagen
• Maturation phase begins on about day 21 and can extend one or two years after the injury
• Maturation phase - fiber blast continue to synthesize collagen that were initially laid in a half hazard fashion reorganized into a more orderly structure.
• Reduce liver function can impair the synthesis of blood clotting factors
• Protein - helps in wound or tissue repair
• Anti-inflammatory drugs and antineoplastic agents interfere with healing
• Transparent film - provide protection against contamination and friction
• Impregnated non adherent - cover suit and protect partial and full thickness wounds without exudate
• Hydrocolloids - absorbs exudate
• Clear absorbent acrylic - easy wound assessment
• Hydrogels - liquefy necrotic tissue rehydrate wound bed
• Polyurethane foam - absorb up to heavy amount of exudate
• Alligenates - interacts with exudate to form gelatinous mask
• Collagen - stopping bleeding and facilitate wound healing