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• William James


  Also known as the father of American Psychology identified various components of the Empirical self, one of which is what he called a Material Self
• Person's Will


  Refers to one's wishes, these are the thing that we want to see and achieve in our lives.
• Intelligence and abilities


  these are the perceived strengths of a person, the things that they have confidence in doing and believe to have a certain level of mastery of. Ex.
• Morals


  it is the definition of what is right and wrong, distinguishing the things that are acceptable for a person, the society and at the same time the determination of the possible effects of their actions to themselves, their environment and other people.
• Values


  is the person's ability to distinguish what is important and what is not.
• Religion


  refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers
• Worldview


  is broader than religion. Worldview refers to the collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality. Religion also differs from spirituality, which is a concern with the sacred in an individual manner. All cultures have religion, spirituality, a worldview and magic (Haviland, 2007).
• Myth


  A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human

  existence-where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going.
• Rituals


  • A culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective

  transitions.

  • Two types: calendric and

  crisis
• Supernatural


  • The supernatural is around you all of the time, especially in non- industrialized societies

  • In a lot of cultures,

  health, wealth and daily things are related to supernatural.
• Cognitive Function


  Enabling humans to explain the unexplainable phenomena.
• Emotional Function


  Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, death and other misfortunes
• Social Function


  Social control, conflict resolution and building group solidarity
• Calendric Rituals


  It is a type of ritual performed occasionally.
• Crisis Rituals


  It is a type of ritual performed in time of crisis.
• purification of the place


  (tuob)
• invocation of spirits

  pagtawag
• explanation of motivation request & entreaty

  pangamuyo
• offering communication

  bayad
• feast

  kan-on
• Viktor Frankl


  the originator of Logotherapy, indicates how his involvement in quest for the significance of life in a Nazi death camp changed his viewpoint of the world. Frankl states that we can't abstain from affliction, yet we can pick how to manage it and discover significance in it.
• Anthropological


  "Man does not simply exist but always decides what his existence will be, what he will become in the next moment." Man is ultimately self-determining.
• Psychological


  mans key motivation is the search for meaning
• Philosophical


  Life has unconditional search for meaning, regardless of the circumstances or situation. His life in the concentration camp, Frankl writes that he found meaning that helped strengthen his will to survive.