UNDS

• Political self


  Values, traits, community and institutional factors that contribute to the development of a Filipino identity
• Building Filipino identity


  1. Instrumental (acting in accordance with democratic processes)

  2. Moral (embodying democratic principles)

  3. Transformative (self-reflection and redefinition)
• Aspects in developing Filipino identity

  • Individual attitudes and traits
  • Institutional factors
  • Macro-factors at the societal level
• Sense of community and public good, and empowerment of people are central to the development of a democratic culture
• Frameworks for democratic political development

  • March and Olsen's framework
  • Przeworski's concept of effective citizenship
• Improving political and social environment, re-examining value formation institutions, incorporating cross-cultural activities, promoting use of Filipino/Philippine languages, and harnessing institutional/informal mechanisms are important for establishing a democratic culture
• Digital self


  The self as experienced and expressed in the digital/online realm
• Dimensions of the digital self

  • Dematerialization
  • Reembodiment
  • Sharing
  • Co-construction of self
  • Distributed memory
• Self-presentation


  Behavior that attempts to convey information about oneself or an image of oneself to others
• Types of self-presentation


  • Pleasing the audience
  • Self-construction
• Domains of the self

  • Actual self
  • Ideal self
  • Ought self
• Discrepancies between actual self and ideal self lead to feelings of dejection
• Computer-mediated communication (CMC)


  Human communication involving exchanges through various digital platforms
• The line between offline and online self has become blurred, with self-identity being fashioned in a transmedia paradigm
• In the present culture of constant connectivity, the experience of being online is subjectively different than before
• Self-efficacy


  The belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome
• Students with high self-efficacy are more likely to challenge themselves with difficult tasks and be highly motivated
• Self-Efficacy


  The belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome. The ability to influence events that affect one's life and control the way these events are experienced.
• Students with high self-efficacy


  • More likely to challenge themselves with difficult tasks and be highly motivated to achieve the task
• Students with low self-efficacy


  • Believe that they cannot be successful and will less likely to make extended effort and may consider challenging task to be avoided
• Four Ways to Build Self-Efficacy

  1. Mastery Experience

  2. Social Persuasion

  3. Social Modeling

  4. States of Physiology
• Mastery Experience


  Every experience may bring success or failure. This experience will help us build resilience thru treating failure as a learning opportunity and a chance to reach our goal with different approaches.
• Social Persuasion


  Finding the right mentor. Having other's (role model) directly influence one's self-efficacy by providing opportunities to master experience.
• Social Modeling


  Observing those who practice high self-efficacy in their lives and who have reached their goals despite hardships can provide great motivation to a person.
• States of Physiology


  Our own emotions, moods and physical state can influence our interpretation of self-efficacy. Feelings of tension, anxiety = lower self-efficacy. Positive emotions and insights = higher self efficacy
• Fixed Mindset


  An innate or in-born personality of a person. It is basically "who you are", how God made you.
• Growth Mindset


  People believe that training and an effort to learn can change one's qualities and traits.
• Acquiring a Growth Mindset is much better kind of mindset because it attributes success to learning and continuous practice.
• The individual is not afraid of failure, it only directs the person to need to practice more, pay attention, invest on effort, and master new learning.
• Goal Setting Theory


  There is a relationship between how difficult and specific a goal was and the people's performance task. Specific and difficult goals led to better task performance than vague or easy goals.
• Five Principles of Goal Setting

  • Clarity
  • Challenge
  • Commitment
  • Feedback
  • Task Complexity
• Stress


  Person's response to events that threaten them.
• Stress Effects on the Body

  • Muscle Tension
  • Difficulty in breathing
  • Increased heart rate
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Inflammation of the respiratory system
  • Elevated epinephrine and cortisol hormones
  • Uncontrolled blood glucose level
  • Heartburn or acid reflux
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Dilated blood vessel in the arms and legs
  • Affects testosterone production
  • Sperm production
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Absent or irregular menstrual cycle
  • Difficult premenstrual symptoms
• Culture


  A highly complex, continually changing system of meaning that is learned, shared, transmitted and altered from one generation to another
• Stress affects the body's immune system. Filipinos experience stress and results to illnesses, physical and mental, fleeting and serious and life threatening. This can also lead to depression and other maladaptive behavior that can be harmful to self and others.
• Stress can be mediated through culture. Filipinos have various threshold and ways to cope with stressors. Concurrently, men and women express emotion in different patterns. Women deal with stressful situation through tiis (endurance)and kimkim (repression). Men are less expressive than women and prone to confront "political economy of stress".
• Self-care


  Something we enjoy doing and not something we feel forced to do.
• Self-compassion


  Composed of three main components: self-kindness, a sense of common humanity, and mindfulness. It is not self-pity, self indulgence and self-esteem.
• Main Components of Self-compassion

  • Self-kindness
  • Common Humanity
  • Mindfulness
• Self-kindness


  Being warm and understanding when she/he suffer, fail or feel inadequate rather than self-critical. Recognizing imperfection and consider life difficulties as inevitable. Acknowledging problems and shortcomings without judgment. Tendency to be gentle when confronted with painful experience.