Chem bio cc 3

• Oxygen is responsible for life on Earth as we know it, and the fire from combustion reactions is a foundation of civilization
• Atomic oxygen is part of water, and adding an oxygen atom to organic compounds creates a part of the molecule that's more reactive
• Any heteroatom, which are atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, generally increases the reactivity of organic molecules
• Heteroatoms can make up functional groups, where all the cool chemistry happens
• Steps to naming organic compounds

  1. Find the longest carbon chain and give it a root name

  2. Identify the highest priority functional group, give it the lowest number on the chain, and add its suffix to the root name

  3. Identify any substituents and their positions on the carbon chain, then add a numbered prefix to the root name
• Functional groups

  Where all the cool chemistry happens
• Alcohol

  A functional group with a structure similar to water, H2O, but with one of the hydrogens replaced with a carbon chain
• Methanol is super poisonous and usually causes blindness or death, while ethanol is mildly poisonous which causes drunkenness and other health risks
• Numbering carbon chains


  To communicate where functional groups are
• Alcohol functional group priority

  Has priority over double bonds, triple bonds, and any of the substituents seen so far
• Alcohol compounds

  • Pentan-1-ol
  • Pent-2-ene-1-ol
• Ether

  A functional group where both hydrogen atoms in H2O are replaced with carbon chains
• Diethyl ether was one of the first chemicals used to anesthetize patients before surgery
• Trivial name for ethers

  Names the two carbon chains on either side of the oxygen, adds the suffix -yl, puts them in alphabetical order, and adds "ether" at the end
• Ether compounds


  • Pentylpropyl ether
• Carbonyl group


  Part of the functional groups found in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives
• Aldehyde

  Has a carbon chain on only one side of a carbonyl group
• Ketone

  Has a carbon chain on both sides of a carbonyl group