psyc exam 4

• Chapter 14 personality Theories and

  Development
• 2 prominent theories that define stages of adult development are_______life span view and _____ seasons of a man's life

  erik eriksons, daniel levinson
• Erik Erikson

  Proposed that middle aged adults face a significant issue- ______ vs.____ (____-___years)


  generativity, stagnation, 40-65
• ______:

  desire to leave legacies of themselves to

  the next generation

  Generativity
• Commitment to continuation and ______

  of society, through their connection to the next generation (achieve a kind of immortality)

  improvment
• Types of generativity:

  Biological generativity

  _____ generativity

  Work generativity

  _____ generativity

  parental, culture
• ______generativity: adults have offspring

  biological
• Parental generativity: adults ____and ____ children.

  nurture, guide
• _____generativity: adults develop skills that are passed down to others.

  work
• _______generativity: adults create, renovate, or conserve some aspect of culture that ultimately survives.

  cultural
• For Example...

  As he looks back over his life, Chris realizes that his

  work was not as important to him as he believed, and

  that he lost too much valuable time with his children.

  If he could do it over again, he would work less and

  spend more time with his children.

  What generativity is Chris struggling with most?- ______generativity

  • Related to positive social engagement in contexts such as family life and community activities. Also related to better health in late adulthood.

  parental
• ____ level of generativity in midlife was linked to greater _____ in ____ adulthood.

  higher, wisdom, late
• Through generativity adults promote and guide the next generation by parenting, teaching, leading, and doing things that benefit the community
• _______

  Development tasks must be mastered at each stage.

  • At the end of ones teens, according levinsons, a transition from dependence to independence should occur.

  daniel levinson
• Early adult transition (______): (twenties is novice phase of adult development)

  17-22,
• Adolescence

  looking

  for choices to make (work/life) ____and ______

  careers, marriages
• Entering the adult world (_____):

  Initial choices: ____,

  occupation, _______, values, _____

  22-28, love, friendship, lifestyle
• -Age 30 transition (_____):

  Determining their ____. Usually focus on family and career development 

  Changes in life _____ (moving from choosing between what latest shoes ---> choosing weeding rings or houses)

  28-33, goals, stucture
• -Culminating Life structure (____):

  -Establishing a niche in society, making progress

  on a timetable (stable)

  -Thinking and behaving like a _____

  33-40, parent
• Daniel Levinson continued
• Transition to ____ adulthood

  Lasts : about ___years (40 - 45) requires adult ____(he only used adult males for this study but have the same results)

  middle, 5, male
• -Must come to grips with four major conflicts:

  -young versus old (aging )

  -being _____versus constructive (more harm than good)

  -masculine versus feminine or visa versa (how u carry/ present urself based on society stereotypes) 

  -attached to others versus separated from them (attachment issues depend on how attachment was as a child)

  destructive , constructive,
• Psychologically painful to revisit past 
• -Entering middle adulthood (_____):

  -Committing to new choices

  -Placing one’s energies into these commitments

  Examples?  maybe deciding to eat better or move, new activities etc.)

  45-50,
• The Life-Events Approach
• -____ related stages represent one major way to examine adult ______ development

  age, personality
• • a second major way to conceptualize adult personality development is to focus on ____events

  life
• -early version of life events approach, life events were viewed as taxing circumstances for individuals, forcing them to change their ______.

  personality
• ex. such as death of a spouse, marriages were believed to involve varying degrees of _____ and therefore likely to influence the individuals_________t

  stress, development
• _______life events approach:

  An approach emphasizing how a life event influences the individuals development depends not only on life events itself.

  Contemporary
• Life events influence development depending on the

  event and mediating factors:

  -Individual’s ______ to the life event

  -Life-stage context and the sociohistorical context

  adaptation,
• Example:

  At age 47, Rena is divorced and is moving to

  another state to find a new job. According to the life-

  events approach to understanding adult development,

  we can say that Rena is entering a new stage in life

  -Remember:

  stress or income (mediating factors)

  may have impacted this decision
• Drawbacks:

  Life events place too much emphasis on _____.

  -failure to recognize that our___ experiences may be the primary stress in our lives 

  change, daily
• Stress and Personal
•  personal control changes when individuals move into middle age

  -Middle age—-->sense of control is challenged
• -Many demands and responsibilities

  -____ and _____ aging

  Physical, cognitive,
• -More responsibility for others

  -Younger AND older people in one’s life

  -Juggling too many activities at once can be stressful

  -Personal control can decline or increase
• many young ppl focus primarily on self and not others

  Examples?
• -healthy older women. faced numerous challenges

  -a ______attitude

  -power to influence her circumstances through her

  _____ and ____-

  -faced numerous challenges

  -feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem

  -victim of circumstance, external forces largely

  determine his fate

  positive, actions, choices
• by contrast young ppl are more likely to have a sense of ______, an unrealistic view of their personal ____, and a lack of awareness regarding the ____process

  invincibility, control, aging