Reproduction

• Reproduction

  • Is one characteristics of life
  • It is a biological process
• 2 types of reproduction

  Sexual Reproduction

  Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction 


  In most species the genetic information is carried on chromosomes in the nucleus of reproductive cells called gametes, which then fuse to form a diploid zygote.
• Gonads

  Female - Ovaries

  Male - Testicles
• Gametes

  Female - egg cell

  Male - sperm cell
• Sexual Reproduction 


  Female - non motile

  Male - motile
• Fertilization 


  Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development.
• 2 types of fertilization 


  Internal and external
• Internal Fertilization 


  When male deposits his sperm directly into the female's body
• External fertilization 


  the release of both sperm and eggs into an external environment; sperm will fertilize the egg outside of the organism, as seen in spawning.
• 3 types of internal fertilization

  Oviparity

  Ovoviviparity

  Viviparity
• Oviparity 


  Animals that reproduce by laying eggs
• Ovoviviparity 


  The eggs are hatched inside the mother.
• Viviparous 


  Viviparous animals are those that give birth to offspring
• Asexual Reproduction 


  Absent sexual.

  Doesn't required sperm and egg cells
• Budding (asexual)


  new organism is developed from a small part of the parent's body.
• Fission (Asexual)


  During asexual reproduction, the parent cell divides into two or more cells.
• Fragmentation (asexual)


  an organism is split into fragments upon maturation and the spilted part becomes the new individual
• Parthenogenesis 


  a female can produce an embryo without fertilizing an egg with sperm
• Types of parthenogenesis

  Arrhenotoky

  Thelytoki

  Deuterotoky
• Arrhenotoky (parthenogenesis)


  develop into males
• Thelytoki 


  Developed in females
• Deuterotoky (parthenogenesis)


  Both males and females