Circulatory system and CHD

• Red blood cells help transport oxygen throughout the body by binding them to haemogoblin, they have no nuclei for more space and a biconcative shape for more surface area
• White Blood Cells help fight against pathogens,they have a cytoplasm and a large nucleus to produce antibodies to counter pathogens
• Plasma helps transport substances such as red blood cells ,urea,protein,carbon dioxide,hormones it does this by being in a liquid form
• Platelets make clot with blood to form scab and stop bleeding and fight pathogens it is very small and light
• 1. Arteries take very high oxygenated blood away from the heart and it has high pressure so it doesnt need a valve and it has a narrow lumen with its smooth muscle being part of collagen fibres and thick outerwalls of smooth muscle and elastic fibres so it can stretch when blood surges without rupturing and return back to its original form
• 1. Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart so they have low pressure and a large lumen and thin smooth muscles and elastic outer walls and a valve to stop backflow of blood
• Capillaries are very thin and have very narrow lumen they transport oxygenated to deoxygenated blood and permeable cell walls 1 cell thick to allow diffusion no valves or smooth muscles needed
• The heart is a double circulatory system that carry deoxygenated blood to lungs and oxygenated blood from lungs to heart and throughout the body.Consist of 4 chambers the left and right aitrium,the left and right ventricle,3 valves and 2 arterys and veins,the aorta takes oxygenated blood from heart to lungs ,pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood from body and heart to lungs,pulmonary vein takes oxygenated blood from lungs to heart,vena cava deoxygenated blood from body to heart
• The stent is a tube inserted in the artery to keep it open to allow good blood flow,it lowers risk of heart disease and has a fast recovery time and is effective for a long time however there is risk of complications and risk of infection and risk to form blood clot
• statins are a druug that lower density of lipoprotein(LDL)cholesterol in the blood it reduces bad LDL and increase good CHDL and lower risk of heart disease however its a long term drug that needs to be taken regularly and has severe side effects
• Donor hearts replacement allow a patient to live longer and give a healthy heart and can be permanent which allow you to do normal activities with significant improvement however there is risk of complications in surgery and risk of rejection and immunosuppressants which decrease your immune system
• Artificial Donor heart temporary until Donor or permanent can be beneficial to aid recovery and is less likely to be rejected keeps patient alive until donor however there is risk of complications and infections not as good and can lead to blood clot and needs drugs to thin blood
• Biological and Mechanical valves made from human/cow/pig or titanium to prevent backflow and replace faulty valves it is easier than replacing a whole heart and lasts 12--15 years however risk of surgery and ethical concerns
• Artificialpacemaker is an electrical device to stimulate heart to beat properly and longer lifetime however risk of surgery and regular monitoring required