Biology eoys

• What does the nucleus do?

  The nucleus has chromosomal DNA which controls the activity of the cell
• What is the cytoplasm?

  The jelly-like substance inside a cell where metabolic reactions occur.
• What is the cell membrane?

  A semi permeable barrier- which controls what enters and leaves the cell
• What is Mitochondria?

  The site of respiration where energy is released
• What is a ribosome?

  It is the site of proteinsynthesis
• What is a cell wall?

  A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane and strengthens the cell
• What is a vacuole?

  Contains cell sap and maintains the turgidity of the cell
• What is Chloroplast?

  Site of photosynthesis and absorbs light energy which turns into food for the plant.
• Is ribosome found in an animal cell?

  Yes
• Is chloroplast found in an animal cell?

  No
• Is the cell wall found in an animal cell?

  No.
• is Mitochondria found in a plant cell?

  Yes.
• The cells of algae are similar to plants, how might the alga (spriogyra) feed?

  Spriogrya contains chloroplast which absorbs light energy from the sun to turn into food by a process of photosynthesis.
• What is the flagellum?

  Aids movement of the cell- often towards nutrients
• What is plasmid DNA?

  Circular DNA found in bacteria.- extra genetic information
• What is chomosomal DNA?

  Carries the most of the main genetic information.
• List three structures that are found in animal cells and also in plant cells

  Cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus , ribosomes
• List three structures that may be found in plant cells but not in animal cells-

  Vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast
• What is a prokaryotic cell?

  A cell without a nucleus. bacteria.(the cells that do not have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.)
• What is a eukaryotic cell?

  A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. ( plant, fungal and animal cells)
• What is cell specialisation?

  The process by which cells develop specific structures and functions to perform specific tasks in the body
• a group of cells is ...?

  tissue
• a group of tissues are..?

  organs
• a group of organs are?

  organ systems
• what are enzymes?

  A biological catalyst that breaks down the speed of reaction
• What is the lock and key theory?

  The idea that the enzymes active site only fits on type of substrate
• What conditions does an enzyme need to function?

  optimal pH and temperature.
• Carbohydrase ......


  breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars
• protease .......


  breaks down proteins into amino acids
• lipase ........

  breaks down lipids/ fats into glycerol/ fatty acids
• Order of digestive system:

  mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
• what is the function of the mouth?

  to chew the food, release saliva to break down any starches and push the food into the oesophagus using the tongue
• what does the stomach do?

  stores the food and then releases an acid which further breaks down the food into a liquid/ paste
• What does the oesophagus do??

  transports the food from the mouth to the stomach
• what does the small intestine do?

  Absorbs nutrients from digested food and sends it into the bloodstream
• what does the large intestine do?

  Absorbs water and the rest of the undigested food turns to faeces
• what does the rectum do?

  recieves waste and disposes of it through the anus
• what does the pancreas do?

  the pancreas produces all three enzymes to help digest the food.
• what does the liver do?

  produces bile which neutralises stomach acid
• what does the gall bladder do?

  stores bile