chp 10

Subdecks (1)

Cards (100)

  • living s strains kills mice
  • living r strains helps mice live
  • heat doesn't kill the mice
  • Frederick griffith discovered that DNA is the carrier of genetic information in 1928
  • griffith discovered transformation factor in 1928
  • Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase discovered genetic material is DNA in 1952
  • Rosalind Franklin discovered x-ray crystallography in 1953
  • James Watson & Francis Crick discovered DNA double helix in 1953
  • waston and crick started to build there first model with cardboard
  • transcription DNA to RNA is called transcription, and it is the process by which genetic information is used to make proteins
  • transcription is from DNA to RNA
  • steps of transcription 1. Initiation2. Elongation 3. Termination
  • RNA Processing
    ● poly(A) tail●5' Cap● Splicing - Exons are Expressed
  • Genetic Code (1960s)
    ●Marshall Nirenberg ●Triplet Code● Codons
  • Central Dogma
    ● Francis Crick ●Two Main Stages:
    1. Transcription
    DNA -> RNA - nucleus
    2. Translation
    RNA -> Protein - cytoplasm
  • DNA Replication
    ● Meselson & Stahl ● 1958
  • Structure of RNA
    ● Uracil instead of Thymine
  • Structure of DNA
    ● Deoxyribonucleic acid
    ● Nitrogenous bases
    Pyrmidines
    ■ thymine
    ■ cytosine
    Purines
    ■ adenine
    ■ guanine
    ● Complementary● Antiparallel
    ● Sugar-Phosphate backbone ● Double Helix
  • types of RNA (mRNA), (tRNA), (rRNA)
  • the role ribosome plays in translation is to translate the mRNA into a sequence of amino acids
  • DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded.
  • New DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (starter) and synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. During DNA replication, one new strand (the leading strand) is made as a continuous piece. The other (the lagging strand) is made in small pieces.
  • DNA has 2 strans
  • RNA has 1 stran
  • Transcription occurs when a section of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs when the mRNA is used to make proteins.
  • DNA is composed of nucleotides that contain deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine). The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A with T, C with G).
  • DNA strain are anti- Parallel and run in opposite direction
  • Nitrogenous Bases - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Uracil
  • pyramids has shorter structure
  • purines has longer structure
  • phage virus infect bacteria
  • R strain= harmless
  • s strain= disease causing
  • Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria.
  • The phage genome is DNA, which can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
  • deletion and insertion are no good
  • dispersive is a mixture of old and new strands
  • 5'end = phosphate
  • 3'= sugar end
  • comp base A-T , G-C