EDUC 102

• As a future teacher, you shall be guided by UNESCO's principle that Education is for All and that this education is anchored on the Five Pillars which are Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Be, Learning to Live Together, and Learning to Transform
• Australia


  A high-quality education system, many students from all over the world go to Australia to study
• Education system in Australia

  • Primary school is for six years
  • High school is for six years
  • College or university is for three to six years
  • High school is divided into junior high school (year 7- year 10) and senior high school (year 11 – year 12) but these vary from state to state
• Compulsory education in Australia

  Entry age is 6 years old, exit age is 15 years old
• Levels of education in Australia

  • Primary education
  • Junior secondary level
  • Senior secondary level
• Most students in Australia are enrolled in government schools which operate under the direct responsibility of the State or Territory Education Minister
• Purposes of Australian Higher Education

  • To enable individuals to develop their capabilities for effective participation in the workforce, for constructive contribution to society and for personal growth and fulfillment
  • To advance knowledge and understanding
  • To aid the application of knowledge and understanding for the benefit of the economy and society
  • To enable individuals to adapt and learn, consistent with the needs of an adaptable knowledge-based economy at the local, regional and national levels
  • To contribute to democratic civilized society
• Australian universities

  • They are autonomous self-accredited institutions established by Federal, State or Territory legislations
  • Academic year begins in March and ends in November, with long vacation from December 1 to February 28
  • Language of instruction is English
• Undergraduate studies in Australia

  They lead to a bachelor's degree, and last between three to six years depending on the field
• Postgraduate studies in Australia

  • A graduate with a bachelor's degree can proceed to a one-year to two-year post graduate course leading to a postgraduate diploma
  • A student who has qualified for a bachelor's degree (Honours) may proceed to a master's degree or a doctorate (usually Ph.D., higher doctorate in Science (DSsc) or Humanities (DLitt))
• China has the largest educational system in the world with over 200 million students attending public schools taught by over 9 million teachers
• Education system in China

  • It is highly centralized, with course syllabi written by scientists and professors hired by the National Education Commission
  • Subject matter and instructional contents are uniform for all
  • Primary grades (6 years) are devoted to development of cognitive skills, followed by 6 years of high school
  • Class size ranges from 40 to 60 students, students have to cover all topics to pass national examinations
  • Students wishing to attend university must pass one of the two versions of National University Entrance Examination
• After 1949, China's new educational system includes 6 years of primary education, 3 years of junior middle school, 3 years of senior middle school, 6 years of university, and varieties of technical and vocational schools
• Problems in Chinese education include elitism and social alienation, with key point schools established in primary and secondary institutions
• Japanese education system

  • It is highly centralized and administered by the Mombusho or Ministry of Education
  • The school system from kindergarten through university serves 24 million students, with about 10% going to the university and 1/3 going to private schools
• Japanese students perform far better on international examinations than Americans, are well-behaved and law-abiding, with low crime rates and overwhelming civility
• Levels of education in Japan

  • Kindergarten, 6 years of elementary school, 3 years of lower secondary school, 3 years of upper secondary school, and 4 years of university
• Education is free and compulsory for children from 6 to 15 years in Japan, with classes being large and teaching methods usually lecture-based
• Standard curriculum in Japan

  • Japanese language, social studies, math, science, art, music, home economics, physical education, with greatest emphasis on Japanese language
• Higher education in Japan

  • There are various universities students can attend, with private institutions making up 80% of enrolments although public schools have the most prestige
  • To get into universities, students must take a national achievement test and a highly competitive university-specific exam
  • Only 7% of university graduates get master's degrees, with most enrolment in medical programs and humanities at the doctorate level
• The Japanese education system relies heavily on examinations to determine which schools the student will go to next, resulting in a push for students and parents to study hard to get into the best schools
• The Constitution of South Africa guarantees equal access to basic education, with identified values and principles including equity, access, quality, efficiency, democratic participation, sustainability, and relevance
• Sectors/levels of formal education in South Africa

  • Public ordinary school education
  • Independent school education
  • Special school education
  • Technical college education
  • Teacher training
  • Technikon
  • University training
• Basic education in South Africa

  • Compulsory General Education and Training (GET) covers Grade R to Grade IX, divided into foundation (Grades R-III), intermediate (Grades IV-VI) and senior (Grades VII-IX) phases
  • Further Education and Training (FET) or senior secondary education (Grades X-XII) is not compulsory
• Learning areas in basic education in South Africa

  • Language, Literary and Communication
  • Mathematical Literacy, Mathematics and Mathemat
• The education system in South Africa corresponds to Level I of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and is divided into three phases: foundation (Grades R-III), intermediate (Grades IV-VI) and senior (Grades VII-IX)
• As a rule, children start primary education in the year when they turn 7 years old
• Stages of primary education in South Africa

  • Junior primary (Grades I-III)
  • Senior primary (Grades IV-VI)
• Grades VII-IX is the last stage of compulsory education and will lead to General Education and Training Certificate
• Further Education and Training (FET) or senior secondary education (Grades X-XII) is not compulsory
• At the end of Grade XII, students sit a public examination leading to senior certificate
• Technical secondary education which generally lasts for three years is offered in technical centers, high schools and vocational schools
• The eight learning areas that form the basis of all basic education up to the Further Education Training (FET) certificate

  • Language, Literary and Communication
  • Mathematical Literacy, Mathematics and Mathematical Science
  • Natural Science
  • Technology
  • Human and Social Science
  • Economics and Management Science
  • Arts and Culture
  • Life Orientation
• Tertiary and higher education correspond to Level 5-8 of the National Qualification Framework (NQF) which is more advanced than the Senior Certificate
• Institutions of higher education in South Africa

  • Colleges
  • Technikons
  • Universities
• Most colleges of education offer a three-year programme leading to the Diploma in Education (four years for higher diplomas)
• Nursing colleges and hospital schools of nursing offer four-year course leading to a diploma
• Agricultural colleges offer one-year certificate, two-year higher certificate and three-year diploma courses
• Technikons also offer bachelor's (four-year course), master's and doctoral degree programmes in technology
• Master's degrees (magister technologiae)


  Usually require a minimum of one year of study