coasts

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    • How long is the UK coastline?
      12,429 km
    • what's weathering?
      the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces
    • what are the three types of weathering?
      physical, chemical, biological
    • what is a example of physical/mechanical weathering?

      freeze thaw
    • what is a example of biological weathering?
      tree roots
    • what is a example of chemical weathering?
      dissolving rocks
    • what is mass movement?

      when an area of rock, soil or mud falls or slides downhill - often triggered by rainfall
    • what are the three types of mass movement?
      sliding, falling, slumping
    • What is erosion?

      removal of material from one place to another by wind or water
    • what are the four types of erosion?
      hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution
    • What is hydraulic action?
      the waves hitting the cliff
    • What is abrasion?

      waves throwing rocks at the cliff
    • what is attrition?

      waves throwing rocks at other rocks
    • what is solution?
      water dissolving rock
    • what is transportation and deposition?

      material moved by the sea through transportation and is then deposited somewhere else
    • what are the four types of transportation?
      Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution
    • what is traction?
      rolling largest material
    • what is saltation?
      bouncing medium material
    • what is solution (transportation)?
      dissolvable rock is in solution
    • what is suspension?

      carrying smallest material
    • what is back shore?
      region of beach above the high water mark - does not usually get covered by seawater
    • what is offshore?

      the area out to sea where sediment is not moved by the action of the waves - depth is more the 1/2 wavelength
    • what is foreshore?
      The area between the high water mark and the low water mark most important zone for marine activity
    • what is nearshore?
      area below the low water mark where sediment is still moved by the action of the waves
    • what is a coastal landscape viewed as?
      a system
    • what are the energy driving the inputs of the coastal system?
      kinetic energy, thermal energy, potential energy, gravitational energy
    • where does the kinetic energy in a coastal system come from and what is a example?
      wind and waves - eg marine deposition
    • where does the thermal energy in a coastal system come from and what is a example?
      heat from the sun - eg chemical weathering
    • where does the potential energy in a coastal system come from and what is a example?
      position of material on slopes - eg mass movement and weathering
    • where does the gravitational energy in a coastal system come from?
      tides
    • what are the outputs of a coastal system?
      includes marine and wind erosion form beaches and rock surfaces, evaporation - eg currents, tides, sediment transfer, dredging
    • what are the inputs of a coastal system?
      fluvial (river) sediment, material from cliff erosion and mass movement, material transported by ice, beach nourishment, destructive waves or tides depositing material
    • what are the throughputs of a coastal system?
      consist of stores and flows (transfers and processes)
    • what are the flows (transfers and processes) of a coastal system?
      erosion, transportation, mass movement, deposition, longshore drift, weathering
    • what are the stores of a coastal system?
      sand dunes, offshore bars, cliffs, salt marshes, nearshore sediment, spits, beaches
    • what are open coastal systems?
      open systems receive inputs of materials and energy from other systems outside of their boundaries and lose outputs of materials and energy to other systems
    • what is a closed coastal system?
      closed systems receive no material inputs from outside of system but can receive energy from outside system - eg water cycle
    • what are sediment cells?
      coasts operate on a range of spatial cells (cells within cells) and temporal scales - sediment moves within the cell but doesn't transfer from one sell to another so is considered a closed system
    • what dod sediment cells consist of?
      stores - inputs and outputs are restricted to energy
    • what are sediment cells in?

      dynamic equilibrium
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