electronic

• Information Technology


  The management and processing of information, generally with the assistance of computers
• Medical records


  • Shift from paper-based to computer-based
• Health Care Information System


  A group of systems used within a healthcare organization to support and enhance health care
• Major Types of Health Care Information Systems

  • Clinical Information System (CIS)
  • Administrative Information Systems
• Health Care Information Systems

  • Operate to make the entry and communication of data and information more efficient
• Nursing Informatics


  A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice
• Effective Nursing Information System

  • Supports the way that nurses function and work by providing them the flexibility to use the system to view data and collect information, provide patient care, and document a patient's condition and care provided
  • Supports and enhances nursing practice through improved access to information and clinical decision-making tools
• Electronic Health Record (EHR)


  Electronic record of patient health information generated whenever a patient access medical care in any health care delivery setting
• Electronic Medical Record (EMR)


  Contains patient data gathered in a health care setting at a specific time and place and is part of EHR
• EHR


  • Provides access to a patient's health record information at the time and place that clinicians need it
  • Ability to integrate all pertinent patient information into one record, regardless of the number of times a patient enters a health care system
• Health


  A multidimensional concept and is viewed from a broader perspective, a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO, 1947)
• Health


  A dynamic state in which individuals adapt to their internal and external environments so there is a state of physical, emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual well-being
• Each person has a personal concept of health, personality, and lifestyle
• Individuals' views of health vary among different age-groups, genders, races, and cultures
• Wellness


  A dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses towards higher level of functioning, achieving an optimum balance between internal and external environment
• Well-being


  Subjective perception of vitality and feeling that can described, experienced and measured
• Health belief


  Personal belief about levels of wellness that can motivate or impede participation in changing risk factors, participating in care and selecting care options
• Nurses' and client's views of health may differ
• Factors Affecting Health


  • Environmental
  • Social
  • Emotional
  • Physical
  • Spiritual
  • Intellectual
  • Occupational
• Environmental Factors


  • Ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living & quality of life
  • Influences such as food, water and air
• Social Factors


  • Ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment
  • Develop and maintain intimacy
  • Develop respect & tolerance for those with different opinions/beliefs
• Emotional Factors


  • Ability to manage stress & express emotions appropriately
  • Ability to recognize, accept & express feelings
  • Accept one's limitations
• Physical Factors


  • Ability to carry-out daily tasks, achieve fitness, maintain right nutrition & proper body fat
  • Avoid abusing drugs, alcohol and using tobacco products
• Spiritual Factors


  • Belief in some force that serves to unite human beings
  • Provide meaning and purpose in life
  • Include own morals, values and ethics
• Intellectual Factors


  • Ability to learn and use information effectively
  • Strive for continued growth and learning
• Occupational Factors


  • Ability to achieve balance between work and leisure
• Models of Health and Wellness

  • Clinical model
  • Role performance model
  • Adaptive model
  • Eudaimonistic model
  • Agent-host-environment model
  • Health-illness continua
  • Dunn's high-level wellness grid
  • Illness-wellness continuum
• Health promotion


  A process of helping people improve their health to reach optimal state of physical, mental and social well-being
• Health promotion, Wellness & Illness prevention

  • Immunization programs
  • Routine Exercise
  • Physical awareness, stress management, self-responsibility
• Health Belief Models


  Developed to help determine whether an individual is likely to participate in health promotion and disease prevention activities
• Different Health Belief Models


  • Health locus of control model
  • Rosenstock & Becker's Health Belief Model
  • Health promotion model
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
  • Holistic health model
• Illness


  • Abnormal process in which any aspects of a person's functioning is diminished or impaired compared with his/her previous condition
  • The personal, intrapersonal and cultural reaction to disease
• General Classifications of Illness

  • Acute Illness
  • Chronic Illness
• Acute Illness


  • Usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe
  • Symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a relatively short period
  • May affect functioning in any dimension
• Chronic Illness


  • Persists, usually longer than 6 months
  • Irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems