Self-efficacy and confidence

• Confidence

  A belief in the ability to master a task

  - more likely to have task persistence

  - more likely to win (NACH)
• Trait confidence


  A belief in the ability to do well in most situations
• Trait sports confidence


  A belief in their ability to do well in a range of sports
• State confidence


  A belief in the ability to master a a particular situation
• State sport confidence


  The belief in their ability to master a sporting movement
• Vealey's Sport Confidence Model


  Competitive Orientation: how much a performer is drawn towards challenge

  - where confidence is gained from one sport it could be used to improve confidence in another

  
  

  Objective Sporting Situation: combination of the skills performed, task and situation

  - result must be evaluated by the performer

  - satisfaction or disappointment

  
• Self-efficacy (Bandura)


  A belief in the ability to master a specific sporting situation

  - affects the confidence of both individuals and those in a team

  would lead to:

  - increase self-esteem

  - sense of satisfaction and inner pride

  - increased desire to compete

  - increased task persistence
• 4 key factors that can influence self-efficacy(Bandura's model)


  Performance accomplishments: links to past experiences, have confidence to do it again

  Vicarious experiences: watching others being successful at the task

  Verbal persuasion: power of positive reinforcement and encouragement from others

  Emotional arousal: how the performers interpret the increased arousal/anxiety in competition
• Developing high self-efficacy


  - ensure they experience success in training within the capability of the performer

  - observe successful demonstration

  - develop stress management

  - goal setting

  - verbal encouragement

  rewards

  - positive feedback

  - mental rehearsal

  - whole-part-whole, massed practice

  - one-on-one coaching to amend any mistakes made
• home field advantage

  Gaining an advantage in a sporting event from being in familiar surroundings, with the majority of the spectators supporting you.
• Positives of home-field advantage

  - home audience increases players motivation and confidence

  - home team don't have to travel and are familiar surroundings

  - plays more fluently and feel at ease

  - audiences can sause 'functional assertive behavior; so they play with more assertion and drive

  - bigger and more supportive

  - social facilitation could occur
• Negatives of home-field advantage (away team)

  - increased anxiety with hostle chanting from audience

  - the more hostole the crowd, the more negative effect for the away team

  - more focus comitted by away team from increased anxiety

  - social inhibition
• Negatives of home field advantage (home team)

  - more important the game is the more negative ffect on the home team

  - 'championship choke' from high expectations

  - further into performance get the increased expectation experienced

  - further away they are from the crowd, the less effective their support
• Proximity effect

  The influence on the crowd is more influential when close to play, rather than size
• Neutral ground


  Territory that did not belong to either side.
• self-confidence


  a general disposition which is stable and global (far reaching and inclusive) feeling about your attributes
• sport confidence (trait)

  the belief an individual has about their ability to be successful in sport (stable and innate)
• self-efficacy


  a specific type of self-confidence we have about our ability in a particular activity or situation
• what does the amount of self confidence determine?


  - participation

  - performance

  - self esteem
• self-esteem


  the feeling of self-worth that determines how valuable and competent we feel
• effect of high sports confidence on performance


  more likely to achieve positive outcomes/take risks/ be competitive e.g. a tennis player is motivated by playing against a higher ranking opponent
• effect of low sports confidence on performance

  underachievement/negative effect on outcomes/poor performance/ doesn't take risks e.g. a swimmer never tries a distance event
• effect of high sports confidence on participation


  more likely to participate/enjoy team activities/ try new things e.g. fresher attending lacrosse training without ever playing
• effect of low sports confidence on participation

  show avoidance behaviours/less likely to try new things e.g. doesn't try new sports
• effect of high sports confidence on self-esteem

  high self esteem e.g. hockey player feels good after playing
• effect of low sports confidence on self-esteem

  low self esteem e.g. having low self worth when playing netball
• Vealey's model of sports confidence

  
• sporting context

  current sports situation e.g. penalty kick in football
• SC trait

  The performers natural and innate confidence levels, existing level of sport confidence, generally confident in all sports e.g. high levels in football
• competitive orientation

  How driven the performer is and the types of goal they may have set themselves, existing levels of competitiveness e.g. enjoy competitive situations. For example a kicker is motivated to success and has set himself a performance goal of kicking 90% of his attempts compared to 85% last time
• SC state

  confidence shown in a specific sporting situation (self-efficacy) based on past experience e.g. high levels for an experienced penalty taker as they've had success before
• behavioural response

  response to the situation e.g. penalty is scored
• subjective outcome

  the emotion felt towards the behavioural response e.g. satisfied if penalty is scored which increases future confidence
• Bandura's theory of self-efficacy

  
• which 4 things does self efficacy depend on according to Bandura?

  - performance accomplishments

  - vicarious experiences

  - verbal persuasion

  - emotional arousal
• performance accomplishments


  a reminder of previous successes in the related skill or situation
• vicarious experiences

  watching others perform the skill in question
• verbal persuasion


  convincing the athlete of their ability to perform the skill
• emotional arousal


  the evaluation the performer makes of a physiological state
• Define trait confidence

  A belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports