5016 intro

Created by

emilie hurst

Cards (12)

Individual Differences 
Enduring psychological characteristics that distinguish one person from another and thus help to define each person's individuality
Individual Differences Psychology 
Seeks to identify what makes people unique and understand how and why people differ from one another
Types of individual variation
Inter-individual variation: the ways in which people differ from each other
Intra-individual variation: the ways in which a person's own behaviour, thoughts and feelings can vary
Core assumptions of Individual Differences Psychology
Enduring patterns: People can be characterised by their "typical" thoughts, feelings, and behaviours, which are relatively stable
Scientifically measurable: Similarities and differences between people can be measured scientifically
Practical Implications: The individual differences measured can have practical implications in clinical, counselling, health, occupational and educational contexts
Intelligence 
Cognitive abilities
Personality 
Consistent patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving that differentiate one person from another
Creativity 
Aspects of 'novelty' and 'usefulness'
Psychometrics is concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement
Reliability 
The consistency of a measure
Validity 
The extent to which an instrument can measure what it is intended to measure
Types of Reliability 
Internal consistency: items that propose to measure the same construct are consistent in producing similar scores
Test-retest reliability: the degree to which test scores are consistent from one test administration to the next
Inter-rater reliability: the degree of agreement between two or more raters
Types of Validity 
Face Validity: Does a measure appears to be effective in measuring what it is intended to measure?
Content Validity: Does a measure fully cover the content that it is supposed to measure?
Construct Validity: Concurrent validity, Convergent validity, Factorial Validity, Predictive validity