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• Sexual harassment


  An issue in the corporate world that must be looked into because it can create a hostile and unhealthy workplace for the employees
• Anti-Sexual Act of 1995


  Declaring sexual harassment unlawful in the employment, education or training environment, and other purposes
• Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)


  Defines sexual harassment as "Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment"
• Republic Act No. 7877 defines sexual harassment as,"Employer, employee, manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher; instructor, professor, coach, trainor or any other person who, having authority, influence or moral ascendancy over another in a work or training or education environment demands, requests or otherwise requires any sexual favor from the other, regardless of whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is accepted by the object of said act. "
• Two Types of Sexual Harassment:Sexual Harassment falls into two general categories: 1. the"Quid Pro Quo" Harassment, and 2. the harassment that creates a hostile environment.
• "Ouid pro quo" means "this for that" (something for something) and is defined as requiring a sexual favor or interaction as a condition of employment or in exchange for an employment benefit (such as promotion, transfer, pay raise).
• Hostile Environment type of harassment- abuses include verbal, physical, and visual conduct that creates an intimidating.. offensive, or hostile environment in the workplace that interferes with work performance.
• Work - is said to be for the purpose of obtaining economic gain for the laborer. Most agree that work is directed to the promotion of life.
• just wage - is defined as that remuneration which is enough to support the wage-earner in reasonable and frugal comfort. The Catholic Church tells us, "a just wage is the legitimate fruit of labor."
• compensation - is to create a system of reward that is equitable to the employer and employee. Thus, the general concern is that justice should be a substance of compensation.
• Rerum novarum - also known as the Capital and Labor
• pope Leo XIII - "Members of the working classes are citizens by nature and has the same rights as the rich
• Pope Leo - did not attempt to calculate a just wage. He simply decried the philosophy widespread then and today that the marketplace alone should set wage structures.
• Rerum Novarum - is one of the most impassioned treatises ever written on the sacredness of work and the dignity of the working person.
• Pope John XXIII - rightly called it the "Magna Carta of social reconstruction"
• Pope Pius XI - wrote the Quadragesimo Anno, "On the Reconstruction of the Social Order" (May 15, 1931), an encyclical that advocates the minimum wage.
• Pius Xl - advocated profit sharing and giving workers a say in a company's management.
• Echoing Pope Leo XIlI- he insisted that heads of families should receive a wage sufficient enough to meet "ordinary" family needs.From this, he identified a family wage as one sufficient for a single wage earner to support a family.
• Pius XI's - assertion became the American norm throughout the 1950s and 1960s, until the vast and large voluntary influx of women into the workforce in the latter part of the 1960s and early 1970s.
• Popes John XXIII and Paul VI - advanced the church's teachings on economic justice. Writing Mater et Magistra ("Mother and Teacher") in 1961
• Pope John XXIII - called on goverments to reign in business abuses and to press for full employment policies.
• Pope John Paul II- issued Laborem Exercens (On Human Work), an encyclical letter that discussed the modern perspectives and problems of human work and the duties of the members of the church towards it.
• pope john paul II- He extended and adapted the previous encyclical Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII to the present situation of labor and asked for commitment to justice through the fostering of just wages, joint ownership, and sharing in management and profits of labor.
• Pope John Paul II - On the 100th anniversary of Rerum Novarum on May 1, 1991,He stated that "Society and State must ensure wage levels adequate for the maintenance of the worker and his family, including a certain amount for savings."
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights- right to protect the basic right of the workers.
• International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights - The 1966 International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights states "The right to fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value."
• Republic Act No. 6727- The Wage Rationalization Act declared the policy of the State to rationalize the fixing of minimum wages and to promote productivity-improvement and gain-sharing scheme to ensure a decent standard of living for the workers and their families.
• Government Agencies Involved- determination of wages must also be equitable and just. The National Wage and Productivity Commission (NWPC)• and the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards (RTWPB) determine the minimum wage for Filipino workers.
• External Market Factors- These refer to the supply and demand for labor and the so-called economic conditions and underemployment.
• Laws and Regulations- Workers should be paid in accordance with laws and regulations issued by the government. It requires that employers pay at least the minimum wage.
• Cost of Living- relates to basic maintenance needs and it must be seriously considered in formulation of wages.
• Prevailing Industry Rate- Some claim that paying workers the average of what other companies are paying for the same job results in a fair wage. However, such claim is not universally valid because not all companies have a minimum wage high enough to maintain a decent standard of living.
• Organizational Factors- Assessment on what type of industry the organization operates, the size of the company, and the organization's profitability to justify its ability to provide fair wages to its workers should be considered.
• Job Factors- The nature of the job itself entails the formulation of a just wage. Duties, responsibilities, and the skill requirements of the job are probably the most considerable determinants of fair wage.
• Individual Performances- The trend is that individual performances or productivity ratings affect the determination of wage / salary increases.
• Gift-giving - is merely an act of extending goodwill to an individual in an effort to share something with particular others.
• valuable gift - is definitely unethical. It is for this main reason that the. "goodwill" motives of the giver are open to doubt.
• Value of the gift- Is the gift nominal in value, or is it substantial enough to influence a business decision? The terms "nominal" and "substantial" in this point of view is relative. It varies on beliefs and culture of a particular group of people and society.
• Purpose of the gift - As long as the gift is not intended or received as a bribe and remains nominal, there does not appear to be any serious problem.
• Circumstances under which the gift was given or received- A gift given during the holiday season, for a store opening, or one attached to a special event is circumstantially different from one unattached to any special event or occasion.