stop and search rates proportional to available population= those on the streets may not reflect society as a whole-> more likely to be youth and ethnic-minorities
at night, in vehicle, police unlikely to be aware of the ethnicity of the driver, SE: Waddington only conducted interviews on the police not those SS
Willis
laddism and anti-school subcultures->> school did not work well as an agency of socialisation
->> didn't become a passive and docile workforce (rejecting B&G) but going into w/c jobs nonetheless= intentional failure that still benefits capitalism
research methods: methodological pluralism (may have been the Hawthorne and interviewer effect)
Pollack
women commit as many crimes as men but are better liars and learnt deception (eg. faking orgasm and lying about periods)= get away w/ it
Heidensohn
Control Theory
girls controlled by their fathers and their male relatives->> when they are married they become controlled by their husbands and sons
->> boys/ young men don't experience this sae level of control and authority= more like to turn to C/D
Jones
women in prison= 'co-defendants' with a controlling man->> pressured into criminality through the patriarchy
->> contrasts w/ Heidensohn
Smart
critical of mainstreamcriminology->> feminist should take a transgressive (considering crime beyond the rigid concept of illegality)->> what harms women as a whole
existing theories around crime from a male pov/ what interests them
Messerschmidt
males commit the most crimes= studies of crime must include a study of masculine values
criticise sex-role theory, biological explanations->> argues cross cultural studies show boys from diff. cultures are socialised diff.
-> men and women active in the construction of their identities
studies of crime must take into account diff. masculinity/how that affects types of masculinity
