aphug

• Population Distribution


  Pattern of where people live on earth's surface
• Dispersed (Settlement)


  characterized by a lower density of population and the wide spacing of individual homesteads.
• Climate


  Overall weather in an area over a long period of time
• Temperate Climate


  a climate without extremes of either cold or heat, which affects where people may live
• Landforms

  the natural features of the land's surface
• Human Migration


  The physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups.
• Population Density


  Number of individuals per unit area (people per sq mile, people per sq kilometer, etc.)
• Arithmetic Density


  The total number of people divided by the total land area (synonym for population density)
• Physiological Population Density


  The number of people per unit area of ARABLE land
• Arable Land


  land suitable for growing crops/food
• Agricultural (population) Density

  compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land
• Subsistence Agriculture


  Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. First settlements of human population needed arable land so they could engage in Agriculture.
• Carrying Capacity


  Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
• Dependency Ratio


  The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force (people who are DEPENDENT on working adults)
• Sex Ratio


  the ratio of males to females in a population
• Demography


  The scientific study of population characteristics.
• Fertility


  The production of offspring within a population
• CBR


  Crude Birth Rate - The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
• CDR


  Crude Death Rate - The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)


  The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.
• Mortality


  death
• Infant Mortality Rate


  The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
• Life Expectancy


  A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live, given in years
• Population Pyramid


  A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

  
• RNI


  rate of natural increase; (birth rate) - (death rate) - GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
• Doubling Time

  The number of years needed to double a population
• Urbanization

  An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban areas
• Malthus (Malthusian) Theory


  states that populations grow at a geometric rate, while food grows at an arithmetic rate
• Overpopulation

  The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
• Neo-Malthusian Theory


  earth's resources can only support a finite population and Advocate for lower birth rates and family planning in order to keep population low and protect resources and prevent famine and war.
• Demographic Transition Model


  a model of how the size of a population changes as a country develops its economy
• DTM Stage 1


  Low Growth: very high CBR, very high CDR, very low NIR

  -primitive, rural or preindustrial society
• DTM Stage 2


  rapid population growth: Still high birth rates & Declining death rates

  --Agriculture results in reliable food source, access to modern medicine lowers Death rates
• DTM Stage 3


  Moderate Growth: rapidly declining CBR, moderately declining CDR, moderate NIR

  -economic changes & improvements lead to decline in CBR

  -urban growth, rural decline

  -increase in education access
• DTM Stage 4


  Low Growth: very low CBR, low or slightly increasing CDR, zero or negative NIR

  - solid middle class, urban/suburban society

  - modern technology, health care, education, democracy

  - rights, education, opportunity for women

  - delayed marriage & offspring
• DTM Stage 5


  declining growth. demonstrates "graying" population trends. CBR drops below CDR, causing a negative RNI. many western European countries and Japan are entering stage 5
• Epidemiological Transition Model


  The theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.
• Antinatalist Policies

  seek to reduce birth rates and strongly encourage or require that women limit their fertility such as limits on children or incentives to limit how many babies couples have - ANTI baby
• Pronatalist Policies


  government policies that encourage child birth such as tax breaks and flexible work hours, free daycare, parental leave - PRO baby
• One-Child Policy

  A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.