studying traits of neighbourhoods and urban areas rather than biology
the impact of being in an impoverished area
Park: the city could be seen as a super-organism
each community or business was interrelated
focuses on crime and the city in particular
the city creates a way of life in which crime becomes more common
there is more diversity which allows for a less community basedm more anonymous and criminogenic environment
crime is learned
the best way to deal with crime is through multiple agencies help rather than punishment
crime isn't just about individual choices but also influenced by social and physical surroundings
factors like poverty, social disorganisation, and lack of opportunity contribute to higher crime rates
the importance of understanding the broader context in which crime occurs rather than solely focusing on individual characteristics
Park and Burgess concentric zone theory
sutherland's differential association theory 1947
how different types of organisation led to different value systems and choices
all criminal behaviour is learned through interaction
if an individual was exposed to criminality and delinquency more than conformity, more likely to be criminal
' a person becomes delinquent because of excess of definitions favourable to violations of law over definitions unfavourable to violation of law'
differential associations vary in length, intensity, frequency and duration
crime and delinquency rates tended consistently to be lower in areas of high socio-economic status and higher in areas of relative socio-economic deprivation
