Lacks clarity and clear tested hypotheses
Downplays man-made structures that have a role in crime in cities
Ecological fallacy: we cannot assume everyone in high crime areas commit crime
Cultural transmission: some have argued this term does not explain criminal cultures like gangs come into being
Too much focus on space and place?
Seems to emphasise that crime and delinquent values fit with lower classes and inequality and middle-class upbringings fit with non-criminal values
Too simplistic - can it be applied to various crimes? e.g. emotive, manipulative, sexual crimes, not always learned behaviour or passed down behaviours
