rle finals (6)

• Oxygen, a gas found in the air we breathe, is necessary for human life
• Oxygen therapy

  Supplemental oxygen provided to people who can't get enough oxygen naturally
• People who receive oxygen therapy often see improved energy levels, sleep, and better quality of life
• Oxygen therapy administration

  1. Prescribed by physician

  2. Specifies concentration of delivery

  3. Specifies liter flow per minute
• Nurses may initiate administration of oxygen in emergency situations
• Conditions that require oxygen therapy

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Pneumonia
  • Asthma
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • Heart failure
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Sleep apnea
  • Lung disease
  • Respiratory system trauma
• Determining need for oxygen therapy

  1. Test arterial blood oxygen

  2. Use pulse oximeter to measure oxygen saturation
• Normal arterial blood oxygen levels

  75-100 mmHg
• Oxygen level indicating need for supplemental oxygen

  60 mmHg or lower
• Too much oxygen can be dangerous and damage lung cells
• Oxygen level should not go above 110 mmHg
• Symptoms of low oxygen

  • Rapid breathing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fast heart rate
  • Coughing or wheezing
  • Sweating
  • Confusion
  • Changes in skin color
• Safety precautions during oxygen therapy

  • "No smoking" sign
  • Ensure electrical devices are in good working order
  • Avoid materials that can generate static electricity
  • Avoid volatile and flammable substances
  • Ground electric monitoring devices
  • Make location of fire extinguishers known
• Oxygen is odorless, tasteless, and colorless
• Oxygen delivery systems

  • Nasal Cannula
  • Face mask
  • Transtracheal Oxygen Delivery
  • Oxygen Hood
  • Oxygen Tent
• Nasal Cannula

  • Most common, inexpensive device
  • Easy to apply
  • Permits some freedom of movement
  • Delivers low concentration of oxygen (24-45%) at 2-6L/min
• Face mask - Simple mask

  Delivers oxygen concentrations from 40-60% at 5-8L/min
• Face mask - Partial rebreather mask

  • Delivers oxygen of 60-90% at 6-10L/min
  • Oxygen reservoir bag allows client to rebreathe about the 1st third of exhaled air, increasing FiO2
• Face mask - Non-Rebreather Mask

  • Delivers the highest oxygen concentration possible (95-100%) at 10-15L/min
  • One-way valves prevent room air and client's exhaled air from entering the bag
• Venturi Mask

  • Delivers oxygen concentrations of 20-24% or 50% at flow rate of 4-10L/min
  • Has wide-bore tubing and color-coded jet adapters that correspond to precise oxygen concentration and liter flow
• Face Tent

  • Can replace oxygen masks when masks are poorly tolerated
  • Provides varying concentration of oxygen (30-50% at 4-5L/min)
• Transtracheal Oxygen Delivery

  • Oxygen is delivered via a small, narrow plastic cannula surgically inserted through the skin directly into the trachea
  • Client requires less oxygen because all of the flow delivered enters the lungs
• Oxygen Hood

  • Rigid plastic dome that encloses an infant's head
  • Gas should not be allowed to blow directly into the infant's face
• Oxygen Tent

  • Rectangular, clear, plastic canopy with outlets that connect to an oxygen or compressed air source & to a humidifier that moisturizes the air or oxygen
  • Delivers approximately 30% concentration of oxygen
  • Cover the child with a gown or cotton blanket (protect against chilling)
  • Flood the tent with 15 L/min for about 5 minutes, then adjust to 10-15 L/min
• Oxygen administration

  Delivering oxygen at a concentration greater than that in ambient air to treat or prevent hypoxia
• Purposes of oxygen administration

  • To correct hypoxemia
  • To decrease myocardial work
  • To decrease the work of breathing
• Equipment for oxygen administration

  • Flowmeter attached to oxygen tank or piped in oxygen
  • Humidifier with sterile distilled water
  • Nasal catheter
  • Nasal cannula
  • Mask
  • Adhesive tape
  • Gauze pad
• Administering oxygen via nasal catheter

  1. Determine need for oxygen treatment

  2. Wash hands

  3. Identify and explain procedure to client

  4. Assist client to semi-Fowler's position

  5. Open oxygen valve and check flow

  6. Regulate liter gauge as prescribed

  7. Measure and insert catheter gently

  8. Fasten catheter to nose and forehead/cheek

  9. Encourage client to breathe through nose with mouth closed

  10. Record therapy start time, flow rate, and client response

  11. Discontinue therapy by closing valve and gently withdrawing catheter

  12. Cleanse client's nostril

  13. Perform equipment care
• Administering oxygen via nasal cannula

  1. Follow steps 1-4 of nasal catheter administration

  2. Connect cannula to oxygen setup with humidifier

  3. Apply cannula prongs to client's nostrils

  4. Adjust loops behind ears and cinch to keep prongs in nose

  5. Open oxygen valve

  6. Use gauze pads as needed

  7. Encourage client to breathe through nose with mouth closed

  8. Wash hands

  9. Assess and chart client response

  10. Inspect equipment regularly

  11. Remove and clean cannula and nares every 8-12 hours
• Administering oxygen via mask

  1. Follow steps 1-4 of nasal catheter administration

  2. Attach mask to oxygen setup with humidification

  3. Apply mask to bridge of nose then position over chin, adjust strap snugly

  4. Use gauze pads to reduce skin irritation

  5. Wash hands

  6. Remove mask and dry skin every 2-3 hours if running continuously

  7. Assess vital signs, color, response, and monitor equipment frequently

  8. Record therapy type and client response