tour of human body

• Skull protects the brain
• Ribs protect the heart & lungs
• Vertebrae protects the spinal cord
• Femur produces blood cells in the leg
• Humerus produces blood cells in the arm
• bones, cartilage, ligament, tendons are organs of skeletal system
• Cartilage is aConnective tissue that is more flexible than bone
• Examples of cartilage are nose, tops of ears, ends of bones
• ligaments Hold bones together to form joints (bone to bone)
• bone marrow is a soft connective tissue found in spaces in bone
• red bone marrow produces the body’s blood cell
• yellow bone marrow stores fat (energy reserve)
• Muscular System

   Some functions:

   1. Helps the body move

  2. Moves food through the digestive system

  3. Keeps the heart beating
• longest bone is femur
• gluteus maximus is largest muscle
• Muscle Action

  • Involuntary muscle

  • Voluntary muscle
• 3Typesof Muscle Tissue

  • Skeletal

  • Smooth

   • Cardiac
• Skeletal – bone, long cylindrical

  
• • Smooth muscles- hollow visceral organs (liver, intestines) lemon shape or spindle shape

  
• Cardiac muscles- heart, branched

  
• biceps contract when flex then triceps relaxed
• triceps contracts when stretched then biceps relaxed
• Integumentary System (Skin, hair nails)

  Functions:

  1. Covers and protects the body to prevent water loss and keep out foreign particles.

  2. Keeps you in touch with the environment (nerve endings)

  3. Regulates your body temperature

  4. Gets rid of wastes (sweat/perspiration)
• largest organ of body is skin
• largest internal organ of body is liver
• first line of defense is skin
• Epidermis

  ·         Outermost layer of skin

  ·         No nerves or blood vessels

  ·         Surface is made of dead cells (provide protection)
• LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS

  stratum corneum (OUTEST)

  stratum lucidum

  stratum granulosum.

  stratum spinosum

  stratum basale (DEEPEST)
• Dermis (2nd layer of skin)

  ·         Lower layer of the skin

  ·         Contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, hairs & oil glands
• Nervous System  (brains, spinal cord, nerve-neurons: nerve cell)

   Functions:

  1. Receives information about what is happening inside & outside of the body.

  2. Directs the way your body responds to this information. (Remember stimulus and response?).

  3. Helps maintain homeostasis.
• TWO BRANCHES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

  ·         CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  ·         PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Central Nervous System

  • Brain - controls most functions in the body

  o   Cerebrum

  o   Cerebellum

  o   Brainstem (medulla)
• Peripheral Nervous System

  ·           Neurons – nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy

  ·         electrical messages are called impulse
• Neurons is nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy
• Peripheral Nervous System

  ·           Neurons – nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy

  ·         electrical messages are called impulse

  
• RESPIRATORY

  
• Respiratory System

  Function:

  ·         Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body.

  ·         It also  removes s carbon dioxide and water from the body

  
• Path of air into the body: nose- pharynx-trachea-bronchi-alveoli
• Diaphragm is large dome-shaped muscle used in breathing
• inhalation- diaphragm moves downward (enter of oxygen)