Society was extremely hierarchical, and was classified in medieval Christianity's GreatChain of Being
What was Elizabethan society like in the countryside?
At the top of the social structure was the monarch.
Below the monarch was the nobility.
Then it was the gentry.
Then it was the yeomen, who were the lesser gentry.
Below them were the tenant farmers, who rented their land from the yeomen or the gentry.
Then it was the labouringpoor, who owned no land.
At the bottom of the structure were the homeless and vagabonds.
What was Elizabethan society like in the towns?
The monarch and nobility were at the top of the social structure.
They were followed by the merchants and professionals.
Business owners and craftsmen were beneath them.
Then it was the labourers.
At the bottom were the homeless and the unemployed.
Who were the nobility in Elizabethan society?
The nobility were the mostrespected members of society and they sometime held titles such as duke, earl and baron. On average they earned £6,000 a year and were usually born into the position.
Who were the gentry in Elizabethan society?
The gentry earned between £10 to £200 a year. They had significant influence and power as some held positions as justices of the peace or served in Parliament. The numbers of gentry grew during Elizabeth's reign, as did their power.
Why was fashion important in Elizabethan society?
Fashion was incredibly important. Women of the elite often paired fine clothes with whitened faces, to show they didn't have to work outside. A key element of fashion was the elaborate ruff worn around the neck.
What was the 'golden age' during Elizabethan times?
Elizabeth's reign was seen as a 'goldenage' of culture and exploration.
Why was Elizabeth's reign considered a 'golden age'?
Theatre was flourishing and becoming popular. Shakespeare wrote many of his famous plays during this era.
England defeated the SpanishArmada in 1588.
The English economy improved.
Drake circumnavigated the globe.
Exploration brought many discoveries back to England, such as spices and new foods.
Elizabeth authorised the colonisation of the New World.
Was the golden age real under Elizabeth?
It can be considered golden because of how culture and exploration appeared to be flourishing.
On the other hand, poverty and religious dissent were very common. Elizabeth used the terms 'golden age' and 'Gloriana' as propaganda to bolster support.
What were the leisure activities for the nobles during Elizabeth's rule?
reading the classics and studying music. They also indulged in hunting and hawking. These sports were expensive and required a lot of free time.
What were the leisure activities for most people during Elizabeth's rule?
drinking, gambling, cockfighting and playing cards.
How was Elizabethan theatre funded?
Actors and companies were usually funded by patrons.
Why was Elizabethan theatre popular?
The theatre was popular because it was affordable and accessible to everyone, exciting to watch, and also served as a social occasion.
Why was there opposition to Elizabethan theatre?
Puritans believed the theatre was sinful and distracted people from prayer.
Some people believed that large crowds could lead to the spread of disease.
Some people saw the theatre as dangerous, as many of the audience were drunk and crimes were committed.
What was education like during Elizabeth I's reign?
Elizabethans saw education as an important part of life and a way to climb the social ladder. The main purpose of education was to teach children appropriate behaviour and to make them useful members of society.
What was education like for girls in Elizabethan England?
Hardly any girls attended school.
What was education like for young children in Elizabethan England?
Children were taught about behaviour and religion at home. At age six, children went to Sunday school. Rich children learned with the help of private tutors, and poor children were trained in housekeeping and basic manual labour.
How were petty schools involved with education in Elizabethan England?
Petty schools (or dame schools) taught maths, reading, and writing
How were grammar schools involved with education in Elizabethan England?
Grammar schools were private schools for boys from middle class families. The main topic taught was Latin, but students also learned history and philosophy.
What was education like for the nobility in Elizabethan England?
Children of the nobility were often taught at home. They would be taught foreign languages, history and politics. Boys would be taught fencing, swimming and other sports; girls would be taught needlework and music.
How did people view poverty in Elizabethan times?
They believed that some people, such as the old and sick, could not help being in poverty and deserved help. These were called the 'deserving poor'.
They believed that other people were poor because they were feckless and lazy. These were known as the 'undeserving poor' or 'sturdy beggars'.
They believed in the 'Chain of Being', which stated that it was important for everyone to remain in their own place in society.
What were the main causes of poverty in Elizabethan times?
War -increased taxes & left many unemployed
Harvests -led to food shortages & some people died of starvation
Inflation - wages did not increase as quickly as the price of goods.
Population
Policies
Enclosure farming meant people were farming sheep rather than crops. This required fewer workers.
Disease
What was done to help the paupers during Elizabeth's rule?
People began to understand that paupers were not to necessarily to blame for their own poverty. Charities set up to assist the poor became more common.
What were the laws against paupers during Elizabeth's rule?
The Vagabonds Act 1572.
The Act for the Relief of the Poor1576.
How did the Vagabonds Act 1572 affect paupers?
punish them
Beggars were whipped in public.
If beggars were caught more than once, they had a hole burned in their ear.
Further offences led to hanging.
How did the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1576 help paupers?
help solve the problem of unemployment
Each town was required to provide work for the unemployed.
People refusing to pay the poor rate were punished.
Houses of correction were built in each county.
What was the Poor Law?
The Poor Law was a law that taxed the wealthy in order to pay for the care of the poor.
Why was the Poor Law introduced?
There were fears the social order might be threatened if the growing number of poor started a rebellion.
There was a risk vagabonds and beggars might turn to crime.
There were fears the poor were spreading disease.
The landowners were giving more to the poor.
What were the main provisions of the Poor Law?
Justices of the peace had to appoint four overseers of the poor in each parish.
Almshouses were provided for the old or sick to work in.
Beggars had to be returned to their place of birth or put into a house of correction.
A poor rate was charged to pay for these measures.
How were the poor divided under the new Poor Law?
divided into 3 groups
What was the first group of the poor under the new Poor Law?
The helpless poor were the sick and old. They were provided with food to live on and placed in almshouses where they could be cared for.
What was the second group of the poor under the new Poor Law?
The able-bodied poor were those who were considered fit, including children. They were expected to work. They were given food and drink as payment, and sometimes somewhere to sleep.
What was the third group of the poor under the new Poor Law?
The idle poor were seen as lazy and were whipped. They were also sent to a house of correction where they would be forced to work.
What were the positives to come out of the Poor Law?
recognise people who wanted to work but were unable to find employment.
filled the 'care' gap that had been left by the monasteries a generation earlier.
No rebellion caused by poverty occurred during Elizabeth's reign.
For the first time in England, the government took directresponsibility for the welfare of the people.
More positives to come out of the Poor Law?
Orphans had apprenticeships, paid for by the parish, so they learned a trade.
Instances of begging seemed to decrease.
Although charitable giving was still encouraged, the new Poor Law stated that everyone had to pay towards a local poorrate, making it fair.
What were the negatives to come out of the Poor Law?
Some have argued that the extent of poverty in this period has been wildly exaggerated, so giving the Elizabethan Poor Law more credit than it deserves.
There was still a strong belief that many of those in poverty were lazy and much of the legislation focused on preventing laziness by punishing those who were able, but unwilling, to work.
Poverty continued to grow after the Poor Law was introduced
What was the Age of Discovery in the Elizabethan era?
Elizabeth's reign was known as the Age of Discovery and Exploration
Why did Elizabethan exploration happen?
England was seeking new trade partners in the Far East, such as India and China.
Elizabeth wanted to be seen as powerful and exploration would boost her image.
There had been drasticimprovements in technology, which made navigation easier and ships better.
Europeans were interested in overseas culture and goods.
The Renaissance era led to an increase in scientific curiosity.
What was the circumnavigation during Elizabethan's exploration?
Sir FrancisDrake was the leading explorer. Drake circumnavigated the globe between 1577 and 1580
How was the slave trade involved in Elizabethan exploration?
Throughout Elizabeth's reign, England's involvement in the slave trade grew. Many more slave traders made a fortune by meeting the demand for slaves to work in the New World in the Americas