Textiles

• Ecological issues - the issues concerning living things and the environment
• Ecological issues

  • Natural materials, such as cotton, are grown on land that could be used for food production.
  • Synthetic (man-made) fabrics, such as polyester, are derived from petroleum, which is a limited resource.
  • Toxic pesticides are washed into water during intensive cotton farming.
  • Wastes from the dyeing process are released into streams and rivers.
  • Gases from textile factory chimneys cause air pollution.
• Ethical issues

  • Poor working conditions: Many textile factories are based in poorer countries where workers have few rights and where working conditions are not good.
  • Low wages: Many workers are often so badly paid that their wages do not meet their basic needs.
  • Child labour: Many children work in unsafe conditions and they do not get a chance to be educated, which is a basic human rights.
  • Health and safety risks: Cotton farmers and factory workers are often exposed to pesticides and harmful chemicals.
• Ethical issues

  Animal cruelty: Sometimes animals are used to supply raw materials such as fur and skin. Pollution from the textile industries destroys animal habitats and disrupts their food chains.
• Repairing clothes and household textiles

  • sewing buttons
  • replacing a zip
  • Patching, for example the elbow of a jumper, the knee of a child's jeans. (Cutting a square of fabric larger than the area to repair the textile and tacking it)
  • Darning a knitted item (Weaving thread over a hole)
• Darning example

  
• Reusing clothes

  • Give them to your younger brothers

  or sisters

  • Swap with friends
  • Donate to charity shops to be resold
  • Upcycle and reuse
• How to repurpose items

  Sheets,pillowcases - appron,fabric roses,patchwork quilt.

  Curtains - Table runner,shopping bag,draught excluder.

  towels - pet blanket and cleaning cloths.

  tablecloth - pin board and cloth napkins.
• Recycling textiles.

  • It uses less energy than processing fabrics from raw materials.
  • It also decreases the need for chemicals and dyes used in manufacturing new textiles.
  • Recycling reduces the pollution caused by the manufacturing process.
  • It decreases the need for landfill space (most textile waste goes to landfill).
• Recycled textiles are:

  • Resold at charity shops and second-hand clothing stores
  • Sent to poorer, developing countries
  • Turned into cleaning cloths, which are used in many industries and businesses

  Processed back into fibres and turned into paper, yarn, insulation, carpet padding,

  and other items
• up cycling is changing unwanted products into new products for example a dress into a skirt. Jumper _ Cushion
• Hot wash/maximum wash at 60 degrees

  
• If the care label has a line under it - it means a short wash
• Bar symbol

  
• Care labels

  
• Upholstery- the covering fabric on chairs etc and the teh filling inside
• Fabric finishes improves appearance and performance
• Environmentally friendly stain removers

  • Baking soda - Neutralises odours, soaks up liquids,e.g. from the carpet.
  • White vinegar Treats stains, e.g. coffee, tea and fruit juice.
  • sunlight removes stains overtimes.
  • Methylated spirits removes glue and sticker residue,and use to treat grass, ink and paint stains.
  • hyrdogen peroxide - treats ink,dye and rust mildew
• Protein stains - Soak in cold water, then wash. If the stain has set, soak in warm water and

  an enzyme detergent.
• • Mild dew - mold) - soak in bleach then use hydrogen peroxide. Grease and oil - Soak in hot water and detergent.
• Fabric conditioners -

  • soften clothes
  • makes ironing easier.
  • pleasant scent
• What are detergent made from

  • Bleaching agents that remove most stains
  • •Enzymes such as protease that remove food stains
  • Surfactants that lower the surface tension of water and lift dirt from fabric
  • Optical brighteners that make white fabrics brighter
  • Perfumes that give fabrics a pleasant scent
• Protease: An enzyme that digests protein-based stains.
• Environmentally friendly textilecare

  • Wash clothes on short cycles and low temps (30 degrees)
  • Only put as wash on when you have a full load
  • Use eco - friendly detergents and stain removers
  • Dry clothes outside when possible to reduce tumble dryer use
• Fabric finishes to add to curtains.

  • flameproof.
  • Shrink resistant and stain repellent
• Embroidery

  Stitching pictures, scenes, or decorative features

  on textiles. Can be done by machine or by hand.
• Appliqué

  Stitching small pieces of fabric onto a larger one to

  make a pattern or design.
• Patchwork

  Sewing together pieces of fabric into a larger design.
• beading

  Stitching beads, sequins or rhinestones to fabric to

  embellish the surface.(embellishment technique).

  • lace and braid _- adding white fabrics
• Embellishment is adding a decorative detail or features of fabric to make it more attractive
• 100 percent cotton = tree

  
• Pure wool

  
• Fibres - clothing material

  
• Satin stitch - fills in shape
• Stem stitch - to stitch initials
• Sewing machine stitch - straight stitch.

  it is used to hold two pieces of fabric together to create a seam - line formed from sewing.
• Benefits of taking part in textile craft work:

  1. Gives a sense of achievement.
  2. Reduces stress.
• Line dry — this means the item should be hung up to dry and should not be tumble dried.
• Backstitch - crosses over

  
• Stain removal