Abdominal assessment

• Mapping of the Abdomen into Four Quadrants

  1. Right upper quadrant
  2. Right lower quadrant
  3. Left upper quadrant
  4. Left lower quadrant
• Internal organs in right upper quadrant

  • Liver and gallbladder
  • Pyloric sphincter
  • Duodenum
  • Head of pancreas
  • Right adrenal gland
  • Portion of right kidney
  • hepatic flexure of colon
  • Portions of ascending and transverse colon
• Organs in right lower quadrant

  • Lower pole of right kidney
  • Cecum and appendix
  • Portion of ascending colon
  • Ovary and uterine tube
  • Right spermatic cord
  • Right ureter
• Organs in left upper quadrant

  • left lobe of liver
  • Spleen
  • stomach
  • Body of pancreas
  • Left adrenal gland
  • Portion of left kidney
  • Splenic flexure of colon
  • Portions of transverse and descending colon
• Organs in left lower quadrant

  • Lower pole of left kidney
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Portion of descending colon
  • Ovary and uterin tube
  • Left spermatic cord
  • Left ureter
• Midline in abdominal quadrants

  • aorta
  • bladder
  • uterus
• Mapping of the Abdomen into Nine Regions

  • Right hypochondriac
  • right lumbar
  • right inguinal
  • epigastric
  • umbilical
  • hypogastric
  • left hypochondriac
  • left lumbar
  • left inguinal
• Organs in right hypochondriac

  • Right lobe of liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Portion of duodenum
  • Hepatic flexure of colon
  • Portion of right kidney
  • Right adrenal gland
• Organs in epigastric

  • Pyloric sphincter
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Portion of liver
  • Aorta
• Organs in left hypochondriac

  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Tail of pancreas
  • Splenic flexure of colon
  • Upper pole of left kidney
  • Left adrenal gland
• Organs in right lumbar

  • Ascending colon
  • Lower half of right kidney
  • Portion of duodenum and jejunum
• Organs in umbilical

  • Lower part of duodenum
  • Jejunum and ileum
• Organs in left lumbar

  • Descending colon
  • Lower half of left kidney
  • Portions of jejunum and ileum
• Organs in right inguinal

  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Lower end of ileum
  • Right ureter
  • Right spermatic cord
  • Right ovary and uterine tube
• Organs in hypogastric (pubic)

  • lleum
  • Bladder
  • Uterus (in pregnancy)
• Organs in left inguinal

  • Sigmoid colon
  • Left ureter
  • Left spermatic cord
  • Left ovary and uterine tube
• Flat - contour of abdomen where it is straight horizontal line is observed from the costal margin to

  the symphysis pubis. This contour is common in thin person
• Protuberant - contour of abdomen similar to the rounded abdomen, only grater. This contour is anticipated in pregnancy. It is also seen in the adult with obesity, ascites, and other conditions
• Rounded - contour of the abdomen that is sometimes called a convex abdomen. The horizontal line now curves outward, indicating an increase in abdominal fat or a decrease in muscle tone. This contour is considered a normal variation in the toddler and the pregnant female.
• Scaphoid - contour of abdomen that is sometimes called a convex abdomen.The horizontal line line now curves inward toward the vertebral column, giving the abdomen a sunken appearance. In the adult, this contour is seen in the very thin person
• Major causes of abdominal distention

  •Fat

  •Feces

  •Fetus

  •Fibroids

  •Flatulence

  •Fluid
• Grey Turner Sign

  
• Cullen Sign

  
• Caput medusae

  
• Diastasis recti