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Paper 2
Homeostatis & response (5)
thermoregulation
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Ellie Hodgson
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Thermoregulation
The control of our internal body temperature
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Why we need to regulate temperature
Allows our cells to function properly
37 degrees Celsius is the perfect temperature for our enzymes to function
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Thermoregulatory sensor
Part of the hypothalamus within our brain that acts as a thermostat for our body
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Receptors that detect changes in body temperature
Found mostly in the skin and blood vessels
Constantly send information about temperature to the thermoregulatory sensor
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Warming up mechanisms
1. Vasoconstriction (constrict blood vessels near skin surface)
2. Contract erector muscles (hair stands on end)
3. Shiver (muscles contract automatically)
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Vasoconstriction
Less
blood
flows near the surface, less
heat
energy is lost
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Erector muscles
Trapping a small layer of
insulating
air to prevent
heat
loss
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Shivering
Muscle
contraction
requires energy from respiration, releasing
heat
as waste
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Cooling down mechanisms
1.
Vasodilation
(blood vessels expand)
2. Produce
sweat
(evaporation takes heat energy away)
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Vasodilation
More warm blood passes close to skin surface, allowing more heat transfer
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Sweating
Evaporation of sweat takes heat energy from the body
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The brain uses the thermoregulatory sensor to figure out if we're too hot or too cold, and sends signals to warm us up or cool us down accordingly
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