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Estadística (Funda. Investigación) (Mauro)
Probabilidad
Probabilidad de variable aleatoria
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Variable continua -->
Distribución normal
Pueden tener valores
decimales
El problema te tienen que dar:
Media poblacional
Desviación típica
Media + Desviación -->
Z
=
Puntuación
tipificada
Z
=
x
-
μ/σ
--> Buscar valor en
tabla
normal
Variable continua:
μ =
Media
(
Población
)
σ =
Desviación tipicia
(
Población
)
x̅ =
Media
(
Muestra
)
S =
Desviación típica
(
Muestra
)
Si estamos buscando el lado chico de la gráfica =
1
- (
Resultado
Z
)
Si estamos buscando lado grande de la gráfica =
No
hay
que
restar
Variable Discreta --> Distribución
binomial
Solo
valores
enteros
El problema te tiene que dar:
Probabilidad
de
éxito
Tamaño
de la
muestra
Fórmula (V.Discreta)
P
(
x
=
K
)
=
P(x=K)=
P
(
x
=
K
)
=
n
!
/
(
n
−
k
)
!
k
!
∗
n!/(n-k)!k!*
n
!
/
(
n
−
k
)!
k
!
∗
p
K
(
1
−
p
)
n
−
k
p^K(1-p)^n-k
p
K
(
1
−
p
)
n
−
k
Distribución acumulada
Misma fórmula
x cantidad de veces
Siempre incluir
0
Cuando
n≥20
Aproximación
a la
normal
= Transformar binomial a normal -->
n, p:
x̅ =
n*p
S
2
=
S^2=
S
2
=
n
∗
n*
n
∗
p
∗
p*
p
∗
(
1
−
p
)
(1-p)
(
1
−
p
)
S
=
S=
S
=
√
n
∗
√n*
√
n
∗
p
∗
p*
p
∗
(
1
−
p
)
(1-p)
(
1
−
p
)
Apartir de la variable "X" se puede calcular -->
ESTIMADORES
x̅ =
Media
s²=
Varianza
S =
Desviación
-----> Distribuciones:
T-Student
,
F-Snedecor
,
x2
Pearson
,
distribución
normal
Distribuciones
T-Student
= 1 o 2 x̅ --> n>30 = Distribución
normal
F-Snedecor
= 3 o más x̅ o 2 s²
x2 Pearson = 1 s² --> n>30 = Distribución
normal
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