respiratory system

• hemoglobin binds oxygen to red blood cells
• diaphragm contracts = inhale, volume increases, air pressure decreases, air flows in
• diaphragm relaxes = exhale, volume decreases, air pressure increases, air flows out
• air pressure allows change in surface area to get Oxygen
• Respiratory system:

  • regulates blood ph
  • receptors for the sense of smell
  • filters inhaled air
  • produces sound
  • Rids body of water + heat by exhaled air
• Nose -> mouth -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> alveoli
• nose + pharynx filters inhaled air and warms it
• pharynx contains epiglottis (blocks food from entering the wind pipe)
• pharynx and nose modifies speech sound
• the throat is a passageway for both food and air
• epiglottis prevents choking
• olfactory = smell
• pharynx is the throat
• Larynx is above the trachea
• larynx contains vocal chords
• vocal chords = highly elastic fold of tissue
• air moving through vocal chords cause vibration and sound
• larynx is thicker and longer in males
• trachea - strong structure due to support from cartilage
• trachea has lining of mucus to trap particles
• trachea has cilia to move mucus and trapped particles up to pharynx
• bronchi - large tubes leading to the lungs
• bronchi - carries air into lungs
• alveoli's are next to capillaries to exchange gases and increase surface area for gas exchange
• Oxygen diffuses in, carbon dioxide diffuses out
• oxygen goes to hemoglobin from alveoli
• laryngitis - inflammation in lungs
• bronchitis - inhaled irritants cause increased mucus production, coughing, inflammation, and frequent infections
• asthma - smooth muscles surrounding bronchi spasm and block passageway of air
• pneumonia - infection in the alveoli blocking exchange of gases (life-threatening)