period 4

• Thomas Jefferson


  1800-1816 age of jefferson, third president. Stressed popular acceptance of the basic principles of constitutional gov't.
• Louisiana Purchase


  1803, napoleon's minister, seeking funds for a war against Britian offered to sell not only New Orleans but also Louisiana Territory to us for $15 mill, more than doubling the size of the US
• War Hawks


  A congressional election in 1810 brought a group of new young Democratic-Republicans to congress, known as war-hawks because of their eagerness for war with Britain. Gained influence in House of Representatives, lead by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. Believed war with Britain would gain Canada, destroy American Indian residence of frontier and defend American honor.
• Henry Clay


  Leader of war hawks, from Kentucky
• John C. Calhoun


  Leader of war hawks, from South Carolina
• John Marshall


  Held federalist judge position for 34 years, caused Jefferson grief. His decisions in many landmark cases generally strengthened the central gov't often at the expense of states rights.
• Judicial review


  By ruling a law of congress to be unconstitutional, Marshall established judicial review where the Supreme Court would exercise the power to decide whether or not an of congress or of the president was allowed by the constitution
• Marbury vs. Madison


  1803, 1st major case decided by Marshall put him in direct conflict with Jefferson. Marshall ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission according to the Judiciary Act passed by congress in 1789, he said that the Judiciary Act 1789 had given to the court greater power that the constitution allowed, therefore the law was unconstitutional and Marbury wouldn't receive his commission.
• Aaron Burr


  A democratic-republican closed meeting decided not to elect him for second term Vice President, he got mad and went on a series of events, threatening to break up the Union and also killed Alexander Hamilton.
• "Quids"


  The name of the party that supported Aaron Burr who accused him of abandoning Democratic- Republican principels.
• Hartford Convention (1814)


  A special convention held at Hartford Connecticut before the war ended where delegates from New England states rejected the radical calls for secession, to limit the growing power of Democratic-Republicans in S and W where they called for a 2/3 vote for declaration of future war.
• Torussaint I'Ouvertue


  Lead rebellions in French colony of Santo Domingo in the 1800's for independence driven by nationalism, resulted in heavy French loses.
• Barbary Pirates


  US would pay tribute to the Barbary gov't to prevent the Barbary Pirates from seizing American merchant ships. However when Jefferson was in office, they upped the tribute, he refused to pay, they fought, us gained no decisive victory but gained respect and protection to US vessels.
• Neutrality


  Us was neutral during French vs. Britian, but their neutral rights were violated by both often.
• Impressing


  British ships would seize American Neutral ships and force the American sailors into the British navy.
• Chesapeake-Leopard affair


  Incident on sea, in 1807 British ships, Leopard fired on US ship Chesapeake 3 Americans killed, 4 taken captive Americans demanded war, Jefferson went to diplomacy and economic pressure alternative
• Embargo Act 1807


  Created by Jefferson after the Chesapeake-Leopard affairs, an alternative to war prohibiting American ships from sailing to any foreign ports. Affected American economy so much it was repealed 2 years later
• James Madison


  President after Jefferson in 1808. also had European problems. He attempted economic pressure to deal with Napoleonic Wars but he finally consented to take US to war.
• Nonintercourse Act 1809


  Created by Madison provided Americans could trade with all nations except Britain and France
• Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)


  Nathaniel Macon, member of congress creates bill stating that if either Britain or France agreed to respect US neutral rights, US would just prohibit trade with that nations foe.
• War of 1812


  Neither Britain nor the US wanted their dispute to end in war. Yet war did break out for 2 reasons in the US point of view, 1) continued to violate us neutral rights at sea 2) troubles with British on western frontier.
• "Old Ironsides"


  1812, it was the nickname of the U.S warship constitution which raised American morale by defeating and sinking a British ship off the coast of Nova Scotia.
• Battle of Lake Erie


  1813, with American Captain Oliver Hazard Perry, declaring victory, "we have met the enemy and they are ours."
• Battle of Thames River


  Near Detroit, in 1813, victory for General William Henry Harrison, where Tecumseh was killed
• Thomas Macdonough


  In 1814 he was a ship commander who defeated the British fleet on Lake Champlain, causing the British to retreat and abandon their plan to invade NY and New England
• Andrew Jackson


  A general who commanded U.S troops in the south in 1814 at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend


  In South in 1814, Ended power of the British ally, Creek nation. Which eliminated the Indians and opened new lands to white settlers
• Battle of New Orleans

  Fought 1815, 2 weeks after a treaty ending the war had been signed in Ghent, Belgium
• Treaty of Ghent 1814


  The terms halted fighting, returned all conquered territory to the prewar claimant recognized the prewar boundary between U.S and Canada. The war ended in a stalemate no gain for either side.
• Lewis and Clark expedition

  Funded by congress during Jeffersons office. Set out from St.Louis in 1804 to cross the Rockies and reached Oregon cost on Pacific Ocean. Benefits: better maps, scientific knowledge, stronger claimed in the Oregon Territory, better relations with American Indians
• Francis Scott Key


  When the British attempted to take Baltimore in 1814, but Fort McHenery held out he wrote the events in the song "star spangled banner"
• Market Revolution


  economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves
• Missouri Compromise


  "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
• Mason-Dixon Line


  Boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the Middle Colonies from the Southern Colonies
• 36"30' parallel


  parallel split the Louisiana Territory in half?
• Old Northwest


  Ohio to Minnesota bound together by transportation routes and rapid economic growth based on commercial farming and industrial innovation. most populous sections of the country
• Nativism


  Native born americans who were alarmed with the influx of immigrants, thought they would take their jobs and weaken the culture. (Especially disliked the roman catholic germans and Irish)
• Know-Nothing Party


  created by the Nativisms , A party which pushed for political action against these newcomers. They displayed the feelings of America regarding newcomers that were different and therefore, the double standard of the country.
• Era of Good


  FeelingsFrom 1816-1819 the Monroe years marked by a spirit of nationalism,optimism and goodwill
• Sectionalism


  One devotion and pride for their section/ state or providence