ENGLISH 9

• Reported speech


  A sentence consisting of two parts: the explanatory part and the quoted part
• Explanatory part


  Explains or tells who says, asks, commands, or requests
• Quoted part


  Shows the exact words of the speaker
• Direct Speech


  • "The computer has all the answers to all our questions."
  • "Can it solve mathematical problems?"
• Indirect Speech The teacher says that the computer has all the answers to all our questions.

  • The student asked if the computer could solve mathematical problems.
• Active Voice


  • The subject is doing the action (doer of the action)
• Passive Voice


  • The subject is receiving the action (receiver of the action)
• Transforming quoted part from interrogative to reported speech


  1. If quoted part is "yes" or "no" question, transform to "if-clause" or "whether clause"

  2. If quoted part is WH-question, switch places of subject and verb
• Transforming quoted part from imperative to reported speech


  Change to infinitive phrase to make a reported declarative sentence
• Replacing pronouns in quoted part

  You with I/we if used as subject
• Evidence


  Information that helps in the formation of a conclusion or judgement
• Types of Evidence

  • Statistical
  • Testimonial
  • Anecdotal
  • Analogical
• Statistical Evidence


  • Known as the strongest type of evidence
  • Comes in the form of numbers, percentages or surveyed data
• Statistical Evidence


  • 300 out of 616 Mathematics students responded in the survey
  • 60% of the students in the class are not listening
  • 7 members of the class disagreed with the collection policy
• Testimonial Evidence


  • Use of celebrities is the core
  • Experts like doctors and authorities can also be used
• Testimonial Evidence


  • Lebron James, a well-known basketball player recommends Nike
  • Kuya Kim Atienza said we should drink enough water
  • Due to COVID-19 pandemic, I am exhausted with my workload
• Anecdotal Evidence


  • Based on a person's observations and experiences
  • A formal argument to increase the credibility of the proof
• Anecdotal Evidence


  • After living for a year in Tagum City, I can say the fare is expensive
  • A personal experience related to your topic
  • Interviews with someone telling a story related to your thesis
• Analogical Evidence


  • Comparison with a known situation
  • Conclusions based on comparisons
  • Form of stories people tell about what has happened to them
• Analogical Evidence


  • If we ban firearms, we should also ban cars because they cause more deaths
  • James cheated on me, all men are cheaters
  • Squid Game is a lot more the same with Alice in Borderland
• Point of View

  •The vantage point of the narrator ( where the narrator stands as he or she views the events of the story)
• Perspective


  How someone views something based on his or her experiences, beliefs, background, knowledge, preferences, feelings, thoughts, opinions, etc.
• Third Person Limited


  • The author relates the events from the perspective of only one character
  • The reader can see into the mind of only one person
• Third Person Omniscient


  • The author relates the events from the perspective of several characters
  • The reader is privy to the thoughts of several, or even all, of the characters
• A Raisin in the Sun Symbolism

  Eggs- mechanical approach to support Walter

  Money- the ability to be free from what oppresses each person

  Mama’s plant- her care and dreams towards her family

  Beneatha’s hair- the pride of her African heritage drives her desire to explore her roots in Africa

  Ruth’s pregnancy- the power that mama holds as the matriarch of the family