ALgae

• Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes. Use chlorophyll A to capture energy from the sunlight as well as phycocyanin.
• cyanobacteria: 3.46BYA in the apex chert in western Australia
• Carbon isotopes of the cyanobacteria microfossils

  2 Species with 1 methane producer and 2 methane consumers

  indicate biomarker evidence of photosythetic orgs
• silicafied cyanobacteria within the bitter spring formations 850MYA
• STromatolites: microbial mats that form on the seafloor trough the accumulation of sediment
• Stromatolite abundance peaks 1.25BYA declining with grazing evolution
• BIF: banded iron formations
• The great oxygeneation hypothesis states that the oxygenation of the atmosphere was the driving force behind the evolution of multicellularity
• Algae are viridiplantae
• Label me

  A) viridiplantae

  B) chlorophytes

  C) streptophytes

  D) land plants

  E) symposium of cyanobacteria

  
• Chloroplasts contain thylakoids which house photosystems
• ALgae are a polyphyletic group. They are a diverse group of organisms that are mostly unicellular and photosynthetic.
• Brown algae are also called seaweeds, they are mostly unicellular and photosynthetic
• Label brown algae structure

  A) Blade

  B) frond

  C) stipe

  D) Holdfast

  E) Gas bladder

  
• Brown algae have chlorophyl C and fucoxanthin
• Red algae have phycoethrin, a photochemical pigment that reflects red light
• Coralline algae are found in coral reefs and have calcium carbonate deposites in the thallus
• Green algae are unicellular or multicellular and photosynthetic. They are also called Chlorophyta.
• Green algae are haplontic which means they are domin ated by their haploid phase (2n)
• The great endosymbiotic event: The first eukaryotic cell formed by the endosymbiosis of a prokaryote
• Primary endosymbiosis


  Free swimming cyanobacteria subsumed by eukaryotic cell.

  creates a double membrane chloroplast (cyanobacteria within bacterial cell)