accessory muscles use e.g. sternocleidomastoid, scalenes - increase thoracic capacity vertically
increased respiratory rate
fixed upper limb - pectoralis minor used as an inspiratory muscle, moving rib
cant talk in full sentences
pursed lip breathing - generates positive pressure in airways to splint them open, used by patients with obstructive disease
increased I:E ratio from 1:2 to 1:4 due to airway narrowing
active expiration - abdominal muscles working when breathing out
recession of muscles - soft tissue sucked in - intercostal muscles are fatigued
