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First Year
LEC.171: The Earths Interior
Ocean basins
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Cards (29)
how much of earth's surface do ocean basins cover?
three fifths
what are mid ocean ridges?
areas where
new oceanic crust
are being
created
why is crust at the mid ocean ridges incredibly thin?
it has
not
had
time
to
cool
and
thicken
why can the ocean ridge not continue on indefinitely in one straight line?
faulting
(
transform faults
)
what can be found adjacent to mid ocean ridges?
abyssal plains
what are abyssal plains?
very
flat
regions
of
sea floor
what is a transform fault?
a
fracture zone
between offset
ridges
(a
plate boundary
)
how many layers are there to the oceanic crust?
three
what are the three main sources of sediment in layer one of the oceanic crust?
terrigenous sediment
,
pelagic clays
and
pelagic oozes
what is layer one of the oceanic crust?
ocean sediments
what is layer two of the oceanic crust?
volcanic rock
(
basalt
)
name two features that can be found in layer two of the oceanic crust?
pillow lavas
and
sheeted dykes
what is layer three of the oceanic crust?
intrusive rock
(
gabbro
)
what is found below layer three of the oceanic crust?
the
Moho
transition
to
mantle peridotites
what focal depth do earthquakes tend to be at mid ocean ridges?
shallow
what are earthquakes at mid ocean ridges associated with?
extensional stresses
(
normal faulting
)
what focal depth do earthquakes tend to be between mid ocean ridges?
shallow
what are earthquakes between mid ocean ridges associated with?
strike slip faulting
what focal depth do earthquakes tend to be at ocean trenches?
shallow
to
deep
what type of faulting is seen at oceanic trenches?
extensional
(
normal
) or
compressional
(
thrust
)
faulting
what do scientists use to classify faults?
the
angle
of the
faults
(
dip
) and the
direction
of the
slip
along the fault
what are faults which move along the direction of the dip plane called?
dip-slip
faults
what are the two types of dip-slip faults?
normal
or
reverse
(
thrust
)
what are faults which move horizontally known as?
strike slip
faults
what are the two types of strike-slip faults?
right lateral
and
left lateral
what are faults which show both dip-slip and strike-slip motion called?
oblique-slip
faults
what is normal faulting a result of?
extension
what is reverse (thrust) faulting a result of?
compression
where do strike-slip faults occur?
when
two
blocks
slide
past each other
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