Change in function and characteristics

• places are changed by the people who chose to live there as they reshape and reconfigure the places to meet their needs and priorities
• the function of an area is its job or purpose for being - eg:

  • industrial
  • commercial
  • administrative
  • retail
• mid 1800s - mechanisatin reduced the need for mannule labour in fields - led to workers moving to industrial towns and cities due to cheap labour to produce steel, irons, textlises etc
• Emerging middle class needed ways to organise day-to-day life - creating administrative functions - courts, banks and even headquatres of commercial enterprises
• globalisation has displaced functions (due to import) leading to towns becoming retail centres with shopping and leisure activities to create ultimate retail expirience
• demographic changes:

  • age - number of indiviuals in eah age group
  • thic composition - ethnic characteristics of an area
• demographic changes seen:

  • migrants - windrush generation - clustered together in major cities - eg in brixton, jamacian migrants
  • racisim and prejudice
• causes for places to change - physical factors:

  • changing landscapes propose management challenges
  • hereford - gentle slopes near work and transport suitable for building houses
• causes for places to change - accessibility and connectedness:

  • development of major roads has lead to a decline in previous pivotal railway towns
  • hereford - competition from railway forced a canal to close
• causes for places to change - historical development :

  • function has changed over time but their redevelopment often reflects their history
• causes for places to change - local and national planning:

  • how the government respond to dynamic stresses, e.g housing stock
  • eg the national infastructure plan 2010 - £200B invesment into the economic infastructure
  • birmingham (local) - council planners identiified area as 'learning quater'
  • birmingham (national) - government identified area as arrival point for HS2 trains
• index of multiple deprivation 2015 - offical measure of relative deprivation for small areas
• domains of IMD:

  • income
  • employment
  • education
  • heath
  • crime
  • barriers to housing and service
  • living enviroment
• IMD 2015 - hereford and birmingham:

  • H - 9898/32844
  • B - 11279/32844