Urbanisation and living standards, 1928-41

    Cards (22)

    • how many peasants migrated to industrial areas between 1928-41?
      20 million
    • why did the influx of peasants worry officials?
      they were concerned that their drinking, lack of discipline, religious beliefs and general lack of political consciousness would infect younger workers

      they seemed to be the antithesis of the New Soviet Person
    • what did David Hoffman discover in his study of peasants in Moscow?
      they rejected such an identity and never internalised the role of loyal proletarian, nor did they develop an allegiance to the Soviet government
    • how was the living situation nationally in industrial areas?
      poor - intense overcrowding
    • what did many people live in at Magnitogorsk?
      dormitories and barracks
    • what percentage of people at Magnitogorsk lived in self-made mud huts?
      25%
    • how many rooms did the average family have at Magnitogorsk?
      one
    • urban population was what percentage higher than expected during the 1st 5YP? (give numbers, too)
      20% higher

      Plan: 32.5 m
      Actual: 38.7 m
    • housing fell what percentage short of the expected increase during the 1st 5YP? (give numbers, too)
      50%

      Plan : 33% increase
      Actual: 16% increase
    • Moscow's population in 1929?
      2.2 m
    • Moscow's population in 1932?
      3.7 m
    • Moscow's population in 1939?
      4.1 m
    • average living space in Moscow in 1928? (square metres per head)
      5.9 square metres per head
    • average living space in Moscow in 1940? (square metres per head)
      4 square metres per head
    • Stalin quote from January 1933 regarding material conditions for workers?
      "We have without doubt achieved a situation in which the material conditions of workers and peasants are improving year by year. The only people who doubt this are the sworn enemies of Soviet power."
    • when was rationing introduced?
      1929
    • when did rationing end?
      January 1935
    • Moscow workers' real wages in 1932 were what percentage of their real wages in 1928?
      52%
    • nationally, real wage levels of 1925 were not regained until when?
      1950s
    • between 1928 and 1932, the consumption of meat by Moscow working class fell by what percentage?
      60%
    • between 1928 and 1932, the consumption of dairy produce by Moscow working class fell by what percentage?
      50%
    • where is there evidence of social progress?
      increase in the provision of health care and education

      more employment opportunities for women
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