LESSON 1.1 HISTORY OF FOODSERVICE

• The ___ encompasses all of the activities, services, and business functions involved in preparing and serving food to people eating away from home. This includes all types of restaurants from fine dining to fast food. It also includes institutional food operations at locations such as schools and hospitals, as well as other specialty vendors such as food truck businesses.


  Food Service Industry
• The history of foodservice is closely associated with travel.
• There were also the religious pilgrimages to places of worship. Invariably, in the different places of destination, food and lodging have been provided to the travelers.
• In the Middle Ages, the beginnings of foodservice was evident in the dining rooms of posting houses of the Romans, as well as the inns and taverns of the English people.
• The Canterbury Inn had a kitchen measuring 45 feet in diameter , which provides food not only for the monks but also for the pilgrims who came to the abbey to worship.
• In the Royal Households of England where numerous guests (150 to 200) were received daily, foodservice became a necessity. Thus, a systematic recording of its expenses was made and compiled in the Northumberland Household Book which was considered the first known record book of scientific food cost accounting.
• Also in England during the industrial revolution, a certain Robert Owen provided meals at nominal prices in an effort to improve the working conditions of the workers in his mill. Owen’s feeding program was so successful that it spread throughout the civilized world. Hence, he was been known as the father of modern industrial catering.
• An English nurse, __, pioneered in hospital foodservice during the Crimean War. She was so efficient in organizing and managing the meals for the patients that she has been called the first hospital dietitian in the modern sense. A noted chef named Alexis Soyer helped her in the establishment of a hospital diet kitchen.


  Florence Nightingale
• The formal school feeding program was started in England by an Englishman named __. The American school feeding programs were patterned after Hugo’s program.

  Victor Hugo
• As opportunities for travel increased, so did the commercial foodservice grow. In the 16th century, coffeehouses were established in the United States of America. In Paris, France, however, it was only sometime in 1765 that the first restaurant was opened by a Frenchman named Boulanger
• Greece and RomeIn Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, thermopolia (singular thermopolium) were small restaurant-bars that offered food and drinks to customers.
• Their popularity was linked to the lack of kitchens in many dwellings and the ease with which people could purchase prepared foods. Furthermore, eating out was considered a very important aspect of socializing.
• In Pompeii, 158 thermopolia with a service counter have been identified across the whole town area. They were concentrated along the main axis of the town and the public spaces where they were frequented by the locals.
• Food catering establishment which may be described as restaurant were known since the 12th century in Hangzhou, a cultural, political and economic center during China’s Song Dynasty.Emperor Taizu of SongMap of Hangzhou, China
• It was established in Kaifeng, China, is considered the world’s oldest operating restaurant, first opening in 1153 AD during the Jing Dynasty, and still serving up meals today.

  Ma Yu Ching’s Bucket Chicken House
• Hangzhou’s restaurants blossomed into an industry catering to locals as well. Restaurants catered to different styles of cuisine, price brackets, and religious requirements.
• Since there are no sufficient documents to prove that the Ma Yu Ching’s Bucket Chicken House is the oldest restaurant in the world, the official title was given by Guinness Book Records to___

  Sobrino de Botín
• This restaurant is located in Calle de los Cuchilleros 17, in Madrid, Spain. It was established in 1725 and recognized as the world’s oldest eatery.


  Sobrino de Botín
• Part of the restaurant’s folklore has it that a young Francisco Goya worked there as a waiter whilst he was waiting to get a place at Madrid’s. Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (1746–1828) is regarded as the most important Spanish artist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
• Specialty of the Sobrino is cochinillo asado or roast suckling pig. Other signature dishes include sopa de ajo, an egg, poached in chicken broth, and laced with sherry and garlic, and the favorite pick-me-up with Madrileño revelers.
• The term restaurant (from the French restaurer) first appeared in the 16th century, meaning “____” and referred specifically to a rich highly flavored soup.


  a food which restores
• It was first applied to an eating establishment at around 1765 founded by a Parisian soup seller named _

  Boulanger
• The first restaurant in the form that became standard (customers sitting down with individual portions at individual tables, selecting food from menus, during fixed opening hours) was the ____ (the Great Tavern of London),

  Grand Taverne de Londres
• The GTL was founded in Paris in 1782 by a man named __, a leading culinary writer and gastronomic authority who achieved a reputation as a successful restaurateur and later wrote what became a standard cook book L’ Art du cuisiner.__


  Antoine Beauvilliers
• • Georges Auguste Escoffier was a very fascinating figure with panache.
  • Born in the middle of the 19th century.
  • As a French chef, restaurateur, and culinary writer who created the methods of what we now consider traditional French cuisine, Escoffier notably created the hierarchy of the kitchen or better known as the “___. “


  Brigade de Cuisine
• • In this period the star chef, ___, often credited with founding class French cuisine, flourished, becoming known as the “Cook of Kings and the Kings of Cooks”.
  • He was a french chef, restauratuer and culinary writer who popularized and updated an aditional French cooking methods

  George Auguste Escoffier
• Much of Escoffier’s technique was based on that of Antoine Careme, the founder of French Grande Cuisine
• He also replaced the practice of service ä la francaise ( serving all dishes at once) with service ä la russe (serving each dish in the order printed on the menu).Table d’hote menu - menu offering a complete meal with limited choices at a fixed priceA la carte menu - A la carte it means that all the items on the menu are separate, meaning you have to order it to have it.
• The most illustrious of all those restaurants in Paris in the 19th century was the Café Anglais (the “English Coffee Shop”) on the Boulevard de Italiens, showing for a second time the high regard that Parisians evidently had for London, England
• Restaurants then spread rapidly across the world, with the first in the United States (Julien’s Restarator) opening in Boston in 1794.
• The modern formal style of dining, where customers are given a plate with the food already arranged on it, is known as Service a la russe, as it is said to have been introduced to France by the Russian Prince Kurakin in the 1810s, from where it spread rapidly to England and beyond.
• The Beginnings of Foodservice in the Philippines In the Philippines, foodservice existed as early as the time of the __.The datu had to feed his people including the slaves or alipin.

  barangay system
• The Chinese were the forerunners of the developmental rudiments of the commercial type of foodservice.The earliest recorded date of Chinese-Philippine trade is 982 A.D. Traders with valuable merchandise came to Luzon from Fookien, Southern China. Though the Chinese peddlers, the Filipinos came to know of varieties in dining pleasures.
• • During the Spanish period, Chinese food became popular that they were no longer peddled by ambulant vendors but were served under more permanent structures.
  • A letter of a civil servant to King Philip II of Spain reported that the Chinese Community, “the Parian” had many eating houses where the Sangley’s (Chinese) and the natives partook of their meals.
• The natives set up eating places usually at the back of public markets. Here, portions of kari-kari (an elaborate stew) could be readily bought at cheap prices.Thus, such eating places came to be known as karihan. No explanation, however, could be obtained from history books why the Spaniards later called it as carinderia.
• On the other hand, the Chinese operated eateries which came to be known as _ since they usually serve pancit (noodles).

  panciterias
• The Americans modified the foodservice system when they introduced the concept of cafeteria. It started with the public school feeding program in 1906 when attempts were made to remedy the poor nutrition of children.