Waves

• Wave motion


  The transfer of energy without the transfer of matter
• Types of waves


  • Transverse waves
  • Longitudinal waves
• Transverse waves


  • Waves you see when the ocean has ripples of the ocean waves
  • When you move a slinky or rope up and down so it creates a wave looking object
  • Once a transverse wave passes through an object the individual particles of the object move in right angles
• Longitudinal waves

  • When the particles vibrate go backwards and forwards in the same motion of the wave
  • Sound waves are longitudinal wave
  • Once a longitudinal wave passes through a medium, the particles in the medium move backwards and forwards
• Frequency

  The number of waves produced every second, measured in hertz (Hz)
• Wavelength


  The distance between the two highest points (crests) and two lowest points (troughs) or just the highest point and the next or vice versa
• Wavelength of a longitudinal wave


  The distance between the compression of particles (like the slinky and where is bunches up is an example) or the distance of two rarefactions (the part in a slinky where it is fully stretched)
• Amplitude


  The distance between the crest and 'middle position' or trough and 'middle position'
• As amplitude increases


  The wave carries more energy
• Wave equation


  The speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave are linked by a special relationship, so if the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases (and vice versa)
• Types of electromagnetic waves

  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared waves
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet light
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
• Radio waves


  • Longest wave
  • Lowest frequency
  • Coolest temp
  • Examples are AM/FM radios
• Microwaves


  • Needs a close distance to transmitter
  • Examples are microwaves, cell phones
• Infrared waves


  • Infra means 'below' so basically below waves
  • Just below visible light
  • Examples are remote controls and flames
• Visible light


  • All visible light
  • ROYGBIV
  • Examples include flames and light bulbs
• Ultraviolet light


  • Often called 'black light'
  • Its bad for our skin which is why we use sunscreen when going out in the sun (the sun have ultraviolet rays sometimes)
• 1. rays


  • High frequency waves
  • Used for seeing inside us, like x rays taken for our teeth from the dentist
• Gamma rays


  • Highest frequency waves
  • Highest temp
  • Used for sterilization and cancer (radiation therapy)
• Reflection


  The process by which visible light bounces off an object and changes direction, allowing us to see the object.
• ROYGBIV


  A mnemonic that stands for the seven colors in the visible light spectrum: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet.
• Visible light


  A type of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye, with a specific range of wavelengths that we perceive as different colors.
• Examples of visible light


  Instances or occurrences of visible light that we can observe, such as flames and light bulbs.
• Sources of visible light


  Objects or devices that emit visible light, such as the sun, light bulbs, and lasers.