FInal Quiz

• Deictics


  The healthcare field when you see documentation by health care professional, and you see R.D that means Registered Dietitian
• Malnutrition diagnosis


  • Insufficient caloric intake to sustain life
  • Weight loss
  • Loss of muscle mass
  • Loss of subcutaneous fat
  • Localized fluid accumulation (edema)
  • Diminished functional status as measured by hand grip strength
• Causes of weight loss in older adults

  • Food access
  • Loss of appetite
  • Taking multiple prescriptions together
• Ultra-processed foods


  Foods where the ingredients are selected by food manufacturers to be highly profitable for them, using large amounts of fats, salts, sugars, and oils
• The average person consumes 80 pounds of sugar a year
• Nutrition issues in older adults living alone

  • Lack of access to food
  • Dietary problems not self-imposed
• Older adult patients tend to have nutrition issues when they live alone because they have lack of access to get food
• Older adults are living on financial limited means
• Causes of food problems in older adults

  • Mental illnesses
  • Aphasia causing swallowing problems
  • Dementia
• Sarcopenia


  Loss of muscle mass found in older adults
• To prevent Sarcopenia


  1. Maintain physical activity

  2. Maintain movement
• Celiac Disease


  Sensitivity to the protein gluten, which damages the intestinal villi and causes malabsorption of vitamins
• With aging process there is diminished change in the sense of thirst, which can lead to dehydration
• Dehydration symptoms


  • Dry lips to a point of cracking
  • Deep set sunken eyes
  • Swollen tongue
  • Increased body temperature
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Constipation
  • Decreased urine output
  • Nausea
  • Confusion
• Components of calories


  • Sugars
  • Saturated fats
  • Cholesterol
  • Salts
• Nutrient deficiencies from lack of fruit and vegetables

  • Calcium
  • Fiber
  • Potassium
  • Magnesium
  • Vitamins A, C, and E
• Electrolyte imbalance in older adults due to consuming large amount of medications and not ingesting enough fluids to wash out the toxins they are ingesting
• Dietary requirements in long-term care facilities

  • Each resident has multiple chronic conditions
  • Facilities are required to have a Registered Dietitian to monitor and oversee the menus
• Lack of movement


  Increases risk for cancer
• A study found that if a patient moves around at least an hour a day it had a drastic impact on reducing risk of 7 types of cancer breast, colon, endometrial, kidney, liver, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
• There's a decrease in glaucoma with greater activity levels because there is greater oxygenation
• Nutrients older adults are at risk of deficiency in

  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin D
• Overnutrition


  Polite documentation of obesity
• Health issues of alcoholics

  • They would rather get alcohol than food
  • Alcohol interferes with absorption of vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin C
• Periodontal Disease


  Inflammatory reaction of the gums and dissolution of the bony structures that hold the teeth
• Dental Plaque


  Accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, which can lead to periodontal disease
• Effects of untreated periodontal disease

  • Pain on inflamed gums
  • Inability to chew
  • Loose teeth
  • Decreased food intake
  • Weight loss
  • Root caries
  • Tooth loss
  • Systemic issues due to bacteria traveling
• Edentalism


  Loss of all teeth, resulting in dietary issues and weight loss
• Oral Pharyngeal Cancers


  Primary cause is long-term smoking or tobacco use, detected first by dentists
• Xerostomia


  Dry mouth associated with decreased saliva flow
• Functions of saliva


  • Protects the mouth and teeth from wear and tear
  • Helps clean the oral cavity
  • Flushes acid out of the oral cavity
  • Helps maintain oral pH balance
• Chronic xerostomia


  Impairs swallowing, causes speech difficulties, sores, and more cavities
• 400 commonly prescribed medications have xerostomia as a side effect
• Tongue Stereognosis


  The tongue's ability to detect foreign objects in the mouth, which declines with aging
• Barriers to dental care for older adults

  • Financial (lack of dental insurance)
  • Accessibility (lack of dental clinics in rural areas)
  • Long-term care facilities not contracting with dentists
• In rural areas there is a lack of healthcare professionals
• Oral cavity trauma causes


  • Substance abuse
  • Long-term alcohol abuse
  • Nicotine
• Medicare


  An entitlement benefit where a portion of paychecks are deducted to help pay for older adults' healthcare
• Social Security


  Calculated based on lifetime income, with Medicare premiums deducted from monthly checks
• Medicare coverage parts


  • Part A (inpatient hospital, home health, hospice, long-term care)
  • Part B (physician office visits)
  • Part C (waiver, doesn't cover anything)
  • Part D (prescriptions)